| Maize is an important economic crop in China.It ranks first in the world in the total output of the three major grains in the world.China's Maize cultivation area and total production are located in the second place in the world.Maize yield was affected byear length(El),ear diameter(ED),kernel row number(KRN),kernels number per row(KNR),ear weight(EW),cob weight(CW),cob diameter(CD),ear yield(EY)and other ear traits..In this study,the“Shennong B1×PH4CV”parent population(BC2S6)and the BC2S6 and Shennong B1 hybrid populations were used as materials for planting in Shenyang and Chaoyang respectively,and 7 panicle traits and maize grain yield were determined.Analysis of the correlation between the traits of each panicle and its relationship with yield.The results show:(1)The distribution of spike traits in inbred lines from Shenyang to Chaoyang are basically the same.Cob weight are distributed between 6 cm and 8 cm,kernel Number per Row are distributed between 25 and 30,and Kernel Row Number are clustered at 8,10,and 12.The Ear Weight was between 50 g and 100 g,Ear Diameter was between 10 cm and 14 cm,the Ear Length was between 15 cm and 16 cm,and the Cob weight was between 10 g and 20 g,indicating that the traits were controlled by genes.Less affected by the environment.In the Chaoyang area,the data of the spike traits measured in the entire hybrid were higher than in the Shenyang area,indicating that the test grazing species were greatly influenced by the environment and belonged to the interaction between the environment and the genotype,and the spike traits of the inbred lines of Shenyang and Chaoyang were excluded.In addition,the distribution of other phenotypes tends to be consistent,indicating that inbred lines have distinct traits.(2)The kernel row number(KRN)in inbred lines in Shenyang was 0.353 more than that in Chaoyang in 0.438,which indicated that the kernel row number(KRN)in Shenyang was greatly influenced by the environment,and the ear weight(EW)in the Chaoyang area was 0.289 heritability.It is 0.480 lower than Shenyang.The phenotypic values of the tested communicative species in the inbred BC2S6 population after the measurement of crosses also showed some differences in Shenyang and Chaoyang,indicating that different families in the BC2S6 population had different combining ability with Shennong B1.(3)The spike traits of the inbred lines in both regions were basically highly positively correlated with the yield.The correlation between them and yield was ear weigh(EW),ear diameter(ED),and kernel row number(KRN),ear length(EL),cob weight(CW),cob diameter(CD),kernel number per row(KNR).The correlation coefficient between the axial and axial weights and the yield in the survey area showed extremely significant negative correlations of-0.25 and-0.44.It shows that there is a chain relationship between maize ear traits that promote each other and restrict each other.(4)In addition to the kernel number per row(KNR),other traits obtained moderate heritability in both inbred lines and tested crosses,indicating that these traits are quantitative traits controlled by major genes and are suitable for further genetics.analysis.(5)The correlation analysis of the BLUP values of the inbred lines and the post-test crosses of the two sites showed that the correlation between ear weight and grain yield was the highest,followed by the number of ear rows,all of which showed extremely significant positive correlation.Further study of the genetic mechanism of panicle weight and ear row number,acquisition of related genes controlling its traits,and development of molecular markers will help increase grain yield in a certain degree of development and provide breeding research basis for molecular marker assisted breeding. |
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