The Effects Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles On Male Reproductive Cell Lines And The Underlying Mechanisms

With the development of nanotechnology,nanomaterials were mass-produced and widely used in food,cosmetics,chemistry and biomedicine.Due to the excellent physicochemical properties,such as good fatigue strength,resistance to corrosion,biocompatibility,whitening,and photocatalysis,Titanium dioxide nanoparticles?Ti O2NPs?were widely used in aeronautical materials,implanted biomaterials,paints,paper,sunscreens,and food products.So the population extensively exposure to TiO₂ NPs.Thought it's hard for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of TiO₂ NPs exposure,the safety evaluation is indispensable.Studies have shown that TiO₂ NPs could induce abnormal spermatogenesis in adult male mice and the male offspring.In this study,we used GC-2 and TM4 cells lines,and tried to answer the questions from the perspective of cytoskeletons.Our results showed that TiO₂ NPs did not affect cell viability of both GC-2 and TM4 cells up to 100?g/ml while cell apoptosis was detected at 100?g/ml.TiO₂ NPs changed microtubule networks and microtubule dynamics of GC-2 but not TM4 cells.The microfilament arrangement of TM4 cells altered obviously after treated with TiO₂ NPs,and the phagocytosis activity of TM4 cells decreased significantly.Although the microfilament network of GC-2 cells seemed normal,the migration ability of these cells was significantly impaired.TiO₂ NPs is toxic to GC-2 cells by inducing cell apoptosis,disturbing microtubule arrangement and dynamics,and impairing cell migration ability.Whereas Ti O2 NPs alters the microfilament network and reduces the phagocytic activity of TM4 cells.