| With the improvement of living standards and forming of unhealthy eating habits, and diabetes keeps rising in recent years, which harm to the health of modern people seriously. At the same time, the concept of “eat healthily” is widely accepted by people because close attention was paid to our health and nutrition. Different from other cereal crops in barley, hulless barley has high protein, high fiber, high vitamins, low fat, low sugar, and other characteristics, which are advocated by “three-two” dietary pattern of modern civilized life, which is also match an ideal health food for urgent development resources. What’s more, hulless barley owns richer beta-glucan than other food crops, and beta-glucan is considered to have physiological effects of cleaning intestines, lowering cholesterol, regulating blood sugar, improving immunity, and others. At the same time, Arabinoxylan, as one of the representatives of the soluble hemicellulose, is also a hot spot of biological activity of polysaccharide except for β-glucan. Therefore, in order to get higher content of beta-glucan and improve the overall value of barley, the following experiments in this paper were done:1. Analysis on nutritional ingredients in 13 kinds of Hulless barley from different producing areas. To understand the nutritional ingredients in Hulless barley from different producing areas, this study analyzed on nutrition ingredients in various kinds of Tibetan Hulless barley from different producing areas, including moisture, ash, minerals, elemental analysis, proteins, amino acids, fat, fatty acids, monosaccharide starch and beta-glucan. Results showed that the mass fraction of moisture in raw materials of Hulless barley is 10.13%, and the mass fraction of ash is 1.92%, protein’s mass fraction is 9.80%, the mass fraction of fat is 1.69% and the mass fraction of starch is between 60.00% and 75.00%, the content of beta-glucan is 2.45% generally. Compared with other grains, the mineral elements in Hulless Barley is complete, especially in the trace element selenium as the representative. Hulless barley is rich in linoleic acid, and owns higher cetylic acid and oleinic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid, which are the best polyunsaturated fatty acids, have good nutritional value;Meanwhile, Hulless barley contains abundant essential amino acids, such as Threonine, Valine, Methionine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Phenylalanine and Lysine. Consumption regularly can meet the daily needs and supplement the body.2. Study on extraction process of the beta-gulcan concentrates in Hulless Barley. Based on United States Patent 7662418 B2, in-depth study of enrich β-glucan in samples from hulless barley by using enzymatic method, optimize the extraction process. According the yield and content, Through experiments repeatly and get the final extraction condition:Weighing a certain amount of barley after smashing→82% ethanol extraction in 85℃→95% ethanol alcohol wash twice→dry ethanol→distilled water extraction in 52 ℃ →use thermostable alpha-amylase in solution in 95 ℃ →hydrolysis with pancreatin→enzyme inactivation →dialysis→ethanol precipitation →isopropanol washing→freeze drying.The results showed that the average content of beta-glucan was 34.21%, and the content in final process was 63.46%.3. Study on the physicochemical properties of beta-glucan concentrate in Hulless Barley. The specific contents include total sugar content, protein content, beta-glucan content, sugar composition, starch content, uronic acid content and so on. The results showed that the neutral sugar content was 80.80%, the protein content was 0.09%, the starch content was 0.25%, and the sugar acid content was 8.35%. By measuring the composition of simple sugars,the results showed that the main sugar in the product was glucose(77.28%), and also containing a small amount of Arabia sugar and xylose. By chromatography, the relative molecular weight of the product was 7.95×10~5Da and 1.08×10~3Da.4. Study on extraction process of the arabinoxylan concentrates in Hulless Barley. According to the literature, the optimum process of extracting the arabinoxylan by alkali extraction was finally determined through repeated experiments:Weighing a certain amount of barley after smashing→82% ethanol extraction in 85℃→95% ethanol alcohol wash twice→dry ethanol→distilled water extraction in 52 ℃ →use thermostable alpha-amylase in solution in 95 ℃ →hydrolysis with pancreatin →enzyme inactivation →barium hydroxide alkali providing twice →adjusting p H →dialysis →ethanol precipitation →isopropanol washing →freeze drying.5. Study on the physicochemical properties of beta-glucan concentrate in Hulless Barley. The contents of total sugar, protein content, the content of beta-glucan and xylose, sugar composition, starch content, uronic acid content and so on. The results showed that the protein content was 1.67%, the starch content was 0.14%, the content of sugar acid was 2.12%, the neutral sugar content was 40.48%,the content of beta dextran was 7.93%, and the xylose content was 21.07%. By measuring the composition of sugars, the results showed that the main sugars in the product were xylose(33.28%) and Arabia sugar(21.164%), with a small amount of glucose(4.15%). By chromatography, the relative molecular weight of the concentrate are 9.27×10~5 Da, 2.54×10~5 Da, 1.99×10~4 Da and 1.74×10~3Da. |
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