Expression Of BTG1 MRNA And Protein In Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissue And Its Significance

Esophageal carcinoma is a malignant disease which originates from esophageal epithelial cells, it doesn't have obivous sympotms when it early happens,and the patients may just feel different levels of uncomfortable when swallowing rough foods.Besides it's difficult for doctors to identify the esophageal carcinoma from esophagitis just with the symptoms the patients feel.Invasion and metastasis will happen at this time. so a large mount of patients are diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma with a late stage.According to figures,the morbidity of esophageal carcinoma range the fifth in our country among all kinds of malignant carcinoma,and its death rate range the forth?Therefore the esophageal carcinoma is determined to be one of the ten most malignant carcinomas by the former ministry of health. The five-year survival rate of esophageal carcinoma is quite high after active treatment in early stage,however it will straight down when it progress into the late stage.Invasion and metastasis are the main reasons which contribute to death.The histological classification of esophageal carcinoma includes squamous cell carcinoma ?adenocarcinoma?undifferentiated carcinoma?small cell carcinoma?sarcocarcinoma and so on,among which squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 90 percentage and is the most common pathological types.Although the pathogenesis of the squamous cell carcinoma remains to be unclear as so far,more and more scholars begin to approve of the theory that gene is the origin of the carcinoma. B-cell translocation gene 1(BTG1) is one of the members of BTG/Tob family,and its locus has been shown to be involved in a t(8;12)(q24;q22)chromosomal translocation in the research of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.The BTG1 cDNA has 5620 base-pairs and contains an open reading frame of 171 amino acids,its molecular weight is 19027 kb.BTG1 has the function of inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis and so on.The expression of BTG1 mRNA and its protein are down regulated or deleted in a variety of malignant carcinomas,and they can affect many cell progressions,such as the cell proliferation,regulation of cell cycle,cell differentiation,cell apoptosis and so on.Therefore BTG1 play an important role in the malignant transformation of a variety of malignant carcinomas,such as Non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, liver carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lymphoma and so on.Meanwhile,the role of BTG1 in the occurrence and developmentg of esophageal carcinoma is less reported.In this study,we detected the expression of BTG1 mRNA and protein in 169 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and 50 cases of normal esophageal mucosa respectively by in situ hybridization and SP immunohistochemical methods, and analysised the relationship between BTG1 mRNA and protein,explored the role of BTG1 in histological classification,depth of invasion,TNM Staging and lymph node metastasis. Materials and MethodsWe collected all the 169 cases of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma surgically resected specimens from March 2012-July 2015 which were stored in the pathology of the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou university,and all the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma did not accept any active treatment before surgery,such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and biotherapy and so on.We acquired the specimens from the tissues with carcinoma and normal esophageal mucosa respectively.All the specimens required to be paraformaldehyde-fixed, dehydrated,paraffin-embedded and sliced with the thickness of 4-6?m,and then stained with HE, SP immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization methods.All the 169 specimens were confirmed with the pathological diagnosis. All the specimens with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma could be divided into 3 groups according to the histologic classification:47 cases were assessed to be grade?,and 71 cases were assessed to be grade ?,and 51 cases were assessed to be grade ?;They could be divided into 2 groups according to the lymph node metastasis:67 cases had the lymph node metastasis,and 102 cases had not;They could also be divided into 2 groups according to the depth of invasion:54 cases invaded into the submucosa or the superficial muscular(collectively called superficial layer),115 cases invaded into the muscular layer or the tunica adventitia(collectively called deep layer).They could also be divided into 2 groups according to the TNM stage(which was established in 1997 by UICC):128 cases were divded into ?-?stage,and 41 cases were divided into ?-? stage.We detected the expression of BTG1 mRNA and protein in 169 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and 50 cases of normal esophageal mucosa respectively by in situ hybridization and SP immunohistochemical methods,and analysis the data with the SPSS17.0 statistical software.The difference between 2 groups was compared according to the chi-square test,the correlation between BTG1 mRNA and protein was testd with Spearman test.Set the test level ?=0.05.The difference is statistically significant when P less than 0.05. Results1)BTG1 mRNA mainly located in the cytoplasms of the tissue of the normal esophageal mucosa and were some blue particulate matters.The positive expression rate of BTG1 mRNA in the tissue of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?normal esophageal musaco was respectlly 24.9% and 76%. There was significant difference in group comparsion(P<0.05).2)BTG1 protein mainly located in the cytoplasms of the tissue of the normal esophageal mucosa and were some light yellow or pale brown matters.The positive expression rate of BTG1 protein in the tissue of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?normal esophageal musaco was respectlly 23.7% and 62%.3)The expression of BTG1 mRNA and protein was significantly associated with the depth of invasion,TNM Staging and lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma(P<0.05),but had nothing to do with histological grade(P>0.05).4)The expression of BTG1 mRNA and protein displayed obviously positive correlation(?=0.678, P<0.05). Conclusion1.The expression of BTG1 mRNA in the normal esophageal musaco was much higher than it in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.2. The expression of BTG1 protein in the normal esophageal musaco was also much higher than it in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Furthermore,the expression of BTG1 mRNA and its pretein was positively correlated.3.The expression of BTG1 mRNA and protein was significantly associated with the depth of invasion,TNM Staging and lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma,but had nothing to do with histological grade.