Investigation And Analysis On Professional Exposure And Protection Of Nursing Students In Practice

ObjectiveThe professional exposure is inevitably in the normal professional work,its exposure to risky environment, which in turn leads to increased probability of risk itself. Medical workers in recent years, the report have been serious consequences due to professional exposure. Nurses work as the most professional medical work, in the first line, in patients to provide inspection, care, and patients have more opportunities for physical contact occurs,the risk of professional infection relative to other workers multiplied. Therefore, nurses are professional exposure of high-risk groups. In response to the nursing staff is the risk of professional exposure injury, nurses in the process of work need to take appropriate protective measures. Such measures of professional protection for nurses in the working process of the risk and the force between the exposure to environmental protection, reduce the nurses' professional exposure risk, or to reduce damage to the lowest possible level . A domestic general hospital medical staff professional exposure monitoring analysis results show that up to 70.97% nurses of professional exposure. Practice nursing students as a special group, the first study and work in clinical practice, the lack of relevant professional protection knowledge and experience, professional skills is not enough skilled, self protection consciousness is poorer, makes them more vulnerable to professional injuries at work, the risk of professional exposure are higher than on-the-job nurses.However, relatively insufficient related education of professional exposure protection in our country, mainly displays in:the materials involved in the professional exposure related content is less, only in the basic nursing and the nursing of infectious diseases, learning content is not comprehensive; At the same time, when they enter the clinical nursing internship, hospital and teaching teachers focus on clinical nursing skills and techniques of teaching, and the professional exposure and professional protection and related content on less, according to the survey 57.2% of internship teaching nursing students think the teacher does not pay attention to professional exposure and protection of the relevant content teaching ;adapt to the night shift, disrupt their original biological clock, which brings the problems such as insomnia, sleep deprivation, endocrine disorders, reduces the body's immune ability; because strange, for the work environment and the hospital staff to clinical operations and work processes are not familiar with, the textbook knowledge with the actual clinical application of confusion, communication between patients with clinical work isbusy and disadvantageous factors, such as easy to create nursing students mental tension, hectic work, and the occurrence of the above phenomenon can also lead to nursing students exhaustion of body and mind as well as threatened by professional exposure risk .The purpose of this study is through the contrast analysis practice nursing students with on-the-job nurses' knowledge about professional exposure and protection and protective measures to perform, etc.to understand practice nursing students in clinical practice are the main factors causing the professional exposure caused damage, protective knowledge mastery and protective measures of the implementation.Through the study of issues related to practice nursing students professional exposures, puts forward effective suggestions, thus reducing practice nursing students in nursing work early to face the risk of professional exposure, and based on the theory of this research to explore how to develop gradually on the basis of schools, colleges and universities combined with the nursing professional safety education, in order to further improve the level of practice nursing students professional protection provide certain scientific basis.Data and MethodsInternship in Qilu Pharmaceutical College nursing students and training hospital on-the-job nurses as the research object.The school class of 2016 more than in the secondary general hospital internship 700 escort include all as investigation object, randomly selected corresponding training hospital under three years of work time on-the-job nurses 600 as control group, take questionnaire survey.Investigation includes general information, professional exposure, protection knowledge and protection measures of professional injuries execution, etc.Using SPSS22.0 software, statistical analysis, described the result of the survey analysis, correlation analysis, the percentage and the comparison of structure than using rank-sum test, chi-square, sharp injury risk factors using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThis study collected 1184 effective questionnaires, including nursing students and on-the-job nurses 661 cases and 523 cases respectively. Nursing students in the gender ratio for women:men= 16.86:1 (624:37); On-the-job nurses in the gender ratio for women:men= 20.79:1 (499:24). Internships are the largest number of people in the nursing students 21-24 years old, a total of 411 people, accounted for 62.2%; On-the-job nurses in the largest number of people is 21-24 years old, a total of 275 people, accounted for 52.6%. Education, nursing students in the education for undergraduate course:college= 1:1.39 (276:385); On-the-job nurses in education for undergraduate course:college= 1:1.37 (221:302).Practice nurses in tertiary hospital in 445 people, accounted for 67.3%, in the secondary hospital,216 people, accounted for 32.7%; On-the-job nurses in tertiary hospital in 358 people, accounted for 68.5%, in the secondary hospital,165 people, accounted for 31.5%. Two sets of samples of gender, age, record of formal schooling and the hospital level upon examination no statistical difference (P> 0.05).In nearly a year of professional exposure situation survey, nursing students compared with on-the-job nurses, movement incidence of chemical damage, violent attack damage and functional impairment after inspection no statistical difference, the biological damage and damage of the psychosocial significant difference, the incidence of physical injury is the most significant difference (Z=-4.532, P?0.001). Found in the comparative analysis of the physical damage, nursing students sharp injury (81.5%) was significantly higher incidence of on-the-job nurses (64.8%),significant difference (?2= 5.792, P= 0.035).By single factor and multiple factors analysis, in the case of ruling out other factors interference, the risk of sharp injury factors of nursing students for self protection consciousness was a main factor which was recognized by statistics analysis (OR=\.727,P= 0.036),the lacking of management measures andregulations support (OR=1.377,P-0.024), insufficiency on technologyor Non Standard Operation (OR=1.493,P= 0.012), insufficient education and training(OR=1.711,P?0.001), and inappropriate protective equipment and device used in nursing operation(OR=1.439,P= 0.007); in the case of ruling out other factors interference, the risk of sharp injury factors of on-the-job nurses for non-compliance of patients (OR=3.710, P<0.001),exhaustion of body and mind(OR=1.750, P=0.035), and inappropriate protective equipment and device used in nursing operation(OR=3.789, P?0.001). By on-the-job nurses with nursing students, according to comparative analysis of various influencing factors of the sharp injury risk factor for on-the-job nurses is less than that of nursing students. Therefore, to strengthen the nursing students professional protection knowledge and skills training, strengthen the consciousness of protection, is one of the key measures to prevent the sharp injury occurance.Through the nursing students answer with on-the-job nurses professional protection knowledge condition and self protection measures were taken into consideration and the comparison found that 20 questions nursing students answer "yes" ratios were still lower than the number of employed nurses.To the answers of "your existing sources of professional protection knowledge" among nursing students after investigation showed that the number of people get knowledge by school education only for 219 people, the number of people get knowledge by training hospital training is only 238 people, suggesting the lack of school education and the insufficient training hospital played an essential role in the nurse students.Conclusions1. Two groups of biological damage, psychological social damage and the difference was statistically significant physical damage,which in the physical damage, especially with sharp injury is serious, its incidence was significantly higher in nurses.2. Self protection consciousness, the lack of management measures and regulations support, technology is not skilled or operation is not standard, inadequate education and training, inadequate protective equipment is practice nursing students are the main factors causing the sharp injury occurs, and patients don't cooperate, exhaustion of body and mind, protective equipment does not reach the designated position is main influencing factor of the sharp injury on-the-job nurses.Suggestions1. Nursing colleges and universities need to strengthen the education of professional protection, set up courses related to hospital infection and professional protection.2. Practice hospital should strengthen the practice nursing students of pre-service education and training on a regular basis, value system and measures of professional protection and equipped with protective equipment.3. Internship I should raise the awareness of professional protection and ability of nursing students.