The Protective Research Of The American Ginseng And Processing American Ginseng On T2DM In Rats

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,it was based on the lack of insulin secretion relatively or absolutely,mainly divided into two categories: insulin-dependent,that is,absolute lack of insulin is characterized by type 1 diabetes;insulin-independent,that is,the relative lack of insulin or insulin resistance is characterized by type 2 diabetes.According to statistics,90% of our population of diabetes is type 2 diabetes.Currently,the most of drugs that used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is Western medicine,but there are toxic side effects,the overall poor coordination,so it is not suitable for long-term use of diabetic patients.Therefore,the development of new therapeutic drugs for diabetes,especially developed a safe,effective,toxic side effects of hypoglycemic drugs from natural medicine screening,become a new direction for the treatment of diabetes drugs.Panax quinquefolium L.belongs to Araliaceae,which is from North America,Canada,Quebec and the United States of Wisconsin,China's Changbai Mountain,Beijing Huai Rou,Shan Xi Liu Ba and other places have transplanted successfully.Studies have confirmed that American ginseng has the fuction of hypolipidemic,liver protection,anti-stress,anti-inflammatory,and enhance immune function,but it is a little bitter,cold people whose stomach has dampness can not eat.Cold body after taking the crowd will appear abdominal pain diarrhea,chills,limbs and other symptoms.In order to improve the cold and partiality of American ginseng,to expand the application of the crowd,Jilin Province,North American ginseng Research Co.,Ltd.by adding ginger,American ginseng to concoct,to temper the ginger to correct the coldness of American ginseng,it has gotten a national invention patent.It is reported that American ginseng has hypoglycemic effect.In order to further confirm whether the hypoglycemic effect of American ginseng is enhanced,the experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus is established in this study,and the protective effect of American ginseng and processing American ginseng on type 2 diabetes mellitus is studied.Objective: To research the protective effect of "The American ginseng and Processing American ginseng" on type 2 diabetic rats,for the further development and provide preliminary evidence of pharmacodynamics.Methods: 150 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups,the rats in the normal group(15 rats)were orally given distilled water,and model group(135 rats)were orally given fat emulsion,10ml/kg,once a day,after 4 weeks,the normal group were injected 0.1mol/L PH4.2 citric acid sodium citrate buffer in sublingual vein,model group by sublingual venous injection of STZ 30mg/kg,after 4 hours,the model group rats were given 25% glucose solution to avoid hypoglycemia,72 hours later,the rats that fasting blood glucose value the >11.1mmol/L were selected for experiment.After the successful establishment of type 2 diabetic rats,the model rats were divided into 8 groups by their body weight and blood glucose: Model control group,American ginseng low,medium,high,Processing American ginseng low,medium,high,Model control group were offered with 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by gastric perfusion,the group of The American ginseng were administered with 0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg,and Processing American ginseng were administered with 0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg by gastric perfusion.The positive control group was given by intragastric administration of metformin 0.1g/kg,once a day,while the above groups were orally administered Intralipid,once every three days,normal group were orally administered with 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,once a day,for 4 weeks.After 4 weeks,10% chloral hydrate was used to kill the rats,the abdominal aorta blood was taken,liver and pancreas were taken out for the detection of these indexes:Serum Total Cholesterol(TC),Triglyceride(TG),High Density Lipoprotein(HDL-c),Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL-c),Free Fatty Acid(FFA),Insulin(Ins),Connecting Peptide(C-peptide)and Interleukin-6(IL-6),Interleukin-1?(IL-1?),Tumor Necrosis Factor-?(TNF-?),Superoxide Dismutase(SOD),Malondialdehyde(MDA),Glycosylated hemoglobin(GHb)and liver Glutathione Peroxidase(GSH-PX),Catalase(CAT),Liver Glycogen(Liver glucogen),the changes of pancreatic tissue were observed by light microscopy,the expression of insulin in pancreatic tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry.Result:1.Compared with the normal group,the disorder of lipid metabolism occured: TC,TG,FFA were significantly increased after the model group rats were fed with fat emulsion for 4 weeks(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),similar clinical characteristics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus appeared.2.Compared with the normal group,model group rats body weight decreased significantly(P<0.01)in 0,1st,2nd,3rd and 4th weeks;compared with the model group,The American ginseng and Processing American ginseng in each group weight increased in 0,1st,2nd,3rd,4th week,but no significant difference(P > 0.05).3.Compared with normal control group,the fasting blood-glucose(FBG)of the model control group rats were were significantly increased in 0,1st,2nd,3rd,4th weeks(P<0.01),the content of liver glycogen was significantly decreased(P<0.01);Compared with the model group,The American ginseng 1.0,2.0g/kg and Processing American ginseng 0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg fasting blood glucose(FBG)were significantly decreased in 1st,2nd,3rd 4th weeks(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),liver glycogen content had no significant change(P>0.05).4.Compared with the normal group,the contents of TG,TC,LDL-c,FFA in the model control group were significantly increased(P < 0.01),the content of HDL-c was significantly decreased(P < 0.01);compared with the model group,the contents of TG,TC,LDL-c and FFA in the The American ginseng and the Processing American ginseng 1.0 and 2.0g/kg were significantly decreased,HDL-c significantly increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).5.Compared with the normal group,the contents of the serum insulin and Cpeptide,the insulin secretion index(ISI)in the model control group decreased significantly,Homa-IR increased significantly(P < 0.01);compared with the model group,the contents of insulin in the The American ginseng 2.0g/kg increased significantly(P < 0.05);the contents of insulin in the Processing American ginseng 1.0,2.0 g/kg increased significantly(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01);the content of C-peptide and ISI in the metformin 0.1g/kg was significantly increased,Homa-IR significantly decreased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).6.Compared with the normal group,the activity of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px of liver tissue in the model control group significantly decreased,the content of MDA increased significantly(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01);compared with the model group,the activity of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px of liver tissue in the The American ginseng 2.0g/kg,Processing American ginseng 1.0 and 2.0g/kg and the metformin 0.1g/kg were significantly increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),the content of MDA in The American ginseng,Processing American ginseng 1.0 and 2.0g/kg and the metformin 0.1g/kg decreased significantly(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).7.Compared with the normal group,the contents of IL-1?,IL-6,TNF-? in the model control group were significantly increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01);compared with the model group,the contents of IL-6 in the The American ginseng 2.0g/kg,Processing American ginseng 1.0 and 2.0g/kg and the metformin0.1g/kg were significantly decreased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01);the content of TNF-? in the The American ginseng,Processing American ginseng 1.0 and 2.0g/kg,and metformin 0.1g/kg was significantly reduced(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01);the content of IL-1? in The American ginseng,Processing American ginseng 2.0g/kg and metformin 0.1g/kg decreased significantly(P < 0.05).8.Compared with the normal group,the level of serum GHb in the model group were significantly increased(P < 0.01);compared with the model group,the level of GHb in the The American ginseng and Processing American ginseng 1.0,2.0g/kg and metformin 0.1g/kg decreased significantly(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).9.Compared with the normal group,obvious pathological damage of pancreatic tissue was observed in the model group;compared with model control group,The American ginseng,Processing American ginseng low,medium and high dose group can reduce the pathological damage of pancreatic tissue.Conclusion:1.The American ginseng and Processing American ginseng could significantly reduce blood glucose in T2 DM rats,especially in the second weeks after administration;2.The American ginseng and Processing American ginseng could improve lipid metabolism disorder in T2 DM rats,the effects of Processing American ginseng on decrease the content of TC,TG,LDL-c,FFA,increase the content of HDL-c are better than The American ginseng;3.Processing American ginseng could significantly increase the content of serum C-peptide and insulin in T2 DM rat,The American ginseng had no significant effect;4.The American ginseng and Processing American ginseng could significantly reduce the content of MDA and increase the activity of SOD in serum,CAT and GSH-Px in liver tissue of T2 DM rats,the effects of Processing American ginseng on increase the activity of SOD,CAT,GSH-Px are better than The American ginseng;5.The American ginseng and Processing American ginseng could significantly reduce the contents of IL-1?,IL-6 and TNF-? in serum of T2 DM rats,the effects of Processing American ginseng on decrease the content of IL-6,TNF-? are better than The American ginseng;6.The American ginseng and Processing American ginseng could reduce the content of GHb in serum of T2 DM rats,the effect of Processing American ginseng on decrease the content of GHb is better than The American ginseng;7.The American ginseng and Processing American ginseng could improve the process of pancreatic injury in T2 DM rats.In summary,American ginseng and ginger ginseng American ginseng have hypoglycemic effect,may be related to its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and regulate lipid metabolism disorders,the exact mechanism to be in-depth study.The contents of FBG,TC,IL-6 and TNF-? were reduced,increasing the activity of CAT and GSH-Px in liver tissue,we can see that its hypoglycemic,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation is better than American ginseng.