Function Of Vitamin D₃ In Relationship Of Exposure To Microcystin With Liver Injury

Microcystins(Microcystins,MCs)is a common environmental toxins in nature.A large number of studies have shown that the toxin have obvious addicted to liver toxicity,mainly through pollution of water,hazard to human health.Vitamin D(Vitamin D,Vit D)is a kind of fat-soluble vitamins,and a kind of steroid hormone.It can not only adjust the balance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body,but also has the multiple effect function such as: anti-inflammatory,anti fibrosis,and inhibition of cancer and so on.A large number of studies have shown that vitamin D is closely related with the function of liver.But the study of the MCs exposure interact with vitamin D is relatively lack.At the same time,Outdoor activities is beneficial to the body to synthesize vitamin D,and play a multiple-effect protect function;but the evidence of the crowd epidemic diseases about the time of outdoor activity and liver function is relatively lack.Finally,water drinking habits is related with health,affect the toxin intake level.In the rural areas of our country,especially the rural population of three gorges reservoir lacks the reference about the related factors of water drinking behavior.Therefore,this paper is based on the research which has established in the early stage of our team,about the MCs exposure population of the three gorges reservoir area and the infected animals experiments of the low-dose MCs test.Explore the function of Vitamin D3 in the relationship between exposure of MCs and liver damage.The text is divided into three parts.The purpose of this paper is as follows:(1)Exploring the research about water intake in crowd and MCs exposure in drinking water way,which is associated with liver damage;(2)In the infected animal experiments of low-dose MCs,exploring the effect of MCs exposure on vitamin D,which is laying the foundation for further research;(3)Exploring the relevance between the time of outdoor activity and liver damage in the MCs exposure population.Part I The relationship between MCs exposure in drinking water and liver damage in Three Gorges RegionMethodsPermanent residents living in two towns of Chongqing were recruited as the research subjects.Through questionnaire and physical examination one by one,we obtained personal water consumption and water-related physical,social and behavioral information.We used t test,One-Way ANOVA,chi-square,multivariate logistic regression analysisResults:1.The total number of the involved people is 5493(male 2067,female 3426),with the average age of 58.76 years.Total daily water consumption of each person was 1.50 ± 0.75 L,among which,daily water consumption of men was significantly higher than that of women[(1.61±0.81)vs(1.44±0.70)L,P<0.05].The significant influence factors associated with water consumption are relatively complex.Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that gender,BMI,annual income,alcohol consumption,tea consumption,daily exercise were significant related factors affecting the water consumption(P< 0.05).2.MCs exposure levels significantly higher in people with water consumption32L/day than in those(27)2L/day(P=0.000,315.33±180.24vs148.13±77.10ng/d),at the same timethe abnormal rates of AST or ALT were significant higher(P(27)0.05).Prompted MCs exposure in drinking water may be a risk factor for liver damageConclusion:The influence factors associated with water consumption are relatively complex.Drinking water32L/d is a risk factor for liver damage in the region,the reason may be associated with the MC exposure.Part II Low doses of MCs infected rats research the change of serum vitamin D3 level and 25 hydroxylaseMethods:78 four-week-old male SD rats were random divided into 3 groups,26 every group.Intraperitoneal injection respectively(Control group: Solvent control 100ug/kg weight;MC-LR1 group: MC-LR 1ug/kg weight;MC-LR10 group: MC-LR 10ug/kg weight).Intraperitoneal injection twice a week.After 35 weeks,treat all rats,collect blood and centrifugal,ELISA method for determination the Concentration of serum TNF-??IL-6?HA?PCIII?25(OH)D3,QT-PCR determination the hydroxylase mRNA expressionResults:1?Exposure 35 weeks,compared with the control group,MC1?MC10group ALT?AST?TNF-??IL-6?HA?PCIII concentration were no significantly change(P(29)0.05)2?Compared with the control group,MC10 group serum 25(OH)D3 significant lower(P<0.05).3?Compared with the control group,MC1?MC10 group CYP27a1 m RNA expression were no significant change(P(29)0.05),but MC10 group CYP2r1 mRNA expression significant lower(P(27)0.05)Conclusion:MCs infections rat can interfering the liver hydroxylase activity lead to vitamin D deficiency.We should give more health concern for the MC exposure population,especially for women and children.Part III The relationship between outdoor activities and liver damage in Three Gorges RegionMethods:Permanent residents living in two towns of Chongqing were recruited as the research subjects.Through questionnaire and physical examination one by one,we obtained personal outdoor activities time,water behavioral information.Chi-square test,T test,linear regression coefficients and logistic regression were used as appropriate.Results:1.Of all 3563 eligible participants,the abnormal rates of AST and ALT were 6.82%(243/3563)and 4.86%(173/3563),respectively.The means and abnormal rates of AST or ALT were higher in people with outdoor activity time ?3 hours/day than in those > 3hours/day.The abnormal rate of AST was significantly different between the two groups(p=0.014).2.After multi-factor adjustment in our study,linear regression coefficient(95% CI)for AST in males was-0.064(-4.382~-0.272)(P=0.027)according to outdoor activity time.3.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that outdoor activity time(>3 hours/day versus ?3 hours/day: OR=0.583,OR95%CI = 0.382-0.890)was significantly associated with AST.But in females,the means and abnormal rates of AST or ALT were not significantly different between people with outdoor activity time ?3 hours/day and those >3 hours/day(P>0.05).Conclusion:The outdoor activity time >3 hours/day might be one important protective factor for liver function in adults,especially in male populations.The reason for this may be related to the anti-inflammatory,anti fibrosis,and other functions of vitamin D,but still need more prospective study in the further.Overall conclusion:This study based on the early stage of our team has established the Three Gorges Resgion area of MCs exposure population and the MCs infected animal experiments.Conclusion summarized as follows:1.Drinking water32L/d is a risk factor for liver damage in the region,the reason may be the MCs exposure;2.MCs infections rat can interfering the liver hydroxylase activity lead to vitamin D deficiency.We should give more health concern for the MCs exposure population,especially for women and children;3.Our results founded that residents living in the Three Gorges Region outdoor activity time >3 hours/day might be one important protective factor for liver function in adults,especially in male populations and the possible mechanism of reason is the multiple effect of vitamin D.