Advances In Insulin Signal Transduction And Insulin Resistance

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance(IR),characterized by chronic hyperglycemia.IR is the most important pathological mechanisms.Insulin signal transduction pathways play a key role in IR occurrence and development.After insulin combines with its receptors distributed in the liver,adipose tissue,skeletal muscle and other target tissue,the tyrosine of the receptor substrate protein is phosphorylated and activated,a series of phosphorylation cascades occur in the signal transduction pathways,insulin signaling cascade waterfall-like enlarged in the target tissue,results in a variety of biological effects.Common insulin signal transduction pathway are:phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway.Due to obesity,oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress and other reasons,any abnormality in the pathway result in insulin resistance.We reviews abnormal insulin signal transduction resulting in insulin resistance.