Study On Official Agricultural Lending In The Ming Dynasty

The traditional Chinese society,successive dynasties rulers have to provide food,cattle,seed and other lending behaviors to the poor peasants on the brink of subsistence,to safeguard the basic subsistence needs of poor peasants and to promote the steady and sustainable development of agricultural production.The traditional official agricultural lending is not for profit,but to maximize the political and social benefits,to achieve the goal of stabilizing power and consolidating the rule.The Ming Dynasty agricultural credit in the overall arrangement,It has experienced the creation of agricultural lending system in the period of Hong Wu and Yongle;the high-speed development of agricultural lending in the period of Hong Xi and Xuan De;the inefficient operation of agricultural lending in the period of from Zheng Tong to Jia Jing and the disappearance of the agricultural lending in the period of from Wan li to Chong zhen.In order to safeguard the implementation of the agricultural credit system,the Ming Dynasty constructed the systematic agricultural credit management system.,with supervision mechanism,such as supervisory system,examination system,guarantees the effective and smooth operation of agricultural credit.The time and regional characteristics of official agricultural credit issued in Ming Dynasty were obvious.The Reserve warehouse was the main responsibility of the agricultural credit function,but the local Reserve warehouse has become empty since the mid and late Ming Dynasty.Therefore,the national agricultural credit began to rely on the Treasury,Within the Treasury,local social warehouse,Yi-cang and other warehouses,also many others coins and grains to complete the succour.Of course,it inevitably encountered some difficulties in the operation,such as agricultural credit relief,excessive chain caused the slow agricultural credit issuance,poor inability to repay the food caused the storage of non-grains to ensure the sustainable operation of agricultural credit.,Officials and petty officials’ s lazy politics and corruption caused the most needy poor can’t get the succour,also the national storage was empty and powerless to maintain official agricultural credit.Therefore,the state agricultural credit in the process of development,showing the appearance of nature alienation,the loss of efficiency and the lower shift of responsibility.but overall,the rescue of agricultural credit in the Ming Dynasty,guarantees the poor life safety,reduces the rural mortality,protects the rural labor,and maintains the continuous reproduction of agriculture.