A Try To Discuss Hume's,Kant's And Bohm's Viewpoints Of Causation

Researchers always don't pay much attention to the relationships between causality in philosophy and classical mechanics.Causality is an important concept used as an innate assumption,but it has been discussed clearly and profoundly for the first time by David Hume,who is a modern philosopher in a standpoint of pure empiricism.Hume queries if causation is objective,universal and inevitable,and gives his psychological explanation for the origin of causality.With dissatisfied with Hume's explanation,Immanuel Kant puts forward a concept named a priori synthetic judgment to solve “Hume's problem”.Both of them are in the glory of classic mechanics,while the examples they use to demonstrate their points and the methods have a deep relations with classic mechanics,so I discusses causality by putting it under the background of classic mechanics.This paper is divided into five parts.Part one gives a brief introduction on the meaning of topic and the research status at home and abroad.Part two introduces the viewpoints of causality during the ancient Greek time and the classic mechanics.The philosophers during the ancient Greek time had put forward many perspectives on the reason(origin)of the world.The theories put forward during this time are the clue of subsequent development of the causality.Accordingly,after the scholasticism,Galileo who is called “the father of modern physics” had made physics enter a scientific epoch,and physics became a model for other subjects to imitate.Then the concept of mechanical causality formed.Part three introduces Hume's views about causality,who analyzes causality or the concept of causality in an angle of empiricism,and puts forward the famous question--“Hume's problem”.He finds there are three factors about the concept of causation: 1.the contiguity in space and time,2.the priority of time in the cause before the effect,3.a necessary connection.Hume thinks that causation is based on custom.Part four discusses Kant's response to “Hume's problem”.Kant recognizes that we can't prove the general necessity of causality by any single way of empiricism or rationalism.He responses to “Hume's problem” by arguing that “a priori synthetic judgment is possible” and “mankind should legislate rule for nature”.In the Part five the author expresses a reflection on the traditional mechanical view of causality combining with David Bohm's theory of causality.One-to-one causality doesn't exist in reality,and it's just an abstraction of real complex causalities.Based on quantum theory raised by himself,Bohm analyzes the relationship between necessity and contingency profoundly.The development of things are determined by both the law of causality and the law of contingency.Therefore,every single of them is just approximate about the reality and the one must be rectified by the other one.