The Research Of Turkish Women's Liberation Movement In The Kemal Ataturk Period

The women's liberation thoughts of Turkey awaked in the early 19 th century,under the falling of the Ottoman empire,some intellectuals realized empire must learn from the western secular modernization road which can restore imperial glory.In the process of learning and imitating the western model,the upper class and elite groups began to realize the importance of women class in the whole history.At the Tanzimat period,reformers established women's school to give women education rights which created advance thought for women's liberation movement.At the II.Abdül Hamid period,although totalitarianism reached its peak,the liberation thought had already affected women's group.Untill the Young Turks period,reformers not only in the field of education,but also in the aspect of law began to give women secular rights.At the end of the Ottoman empire,the country was still under the control,the right of women hadn't really implemented,but the women's liberation thought has taken root,more impoetantly,the attempt of empire secularization reform laid a solid foundation to Kemal Ataturk secularization reform.Since Kemal hold power,he abolish Sudan,Caliph and establish an independent republic Turkey.Through the reform,turkey have a great change as well as the turkish women.Kemal takes four measures about turkish women.In politics,abolish Sharia law,adopt secular law to give women marrigae,property,inheritance,election and vote rights,it makes women as a citizen to have an independent political power.In education,Kemal create a coeducational system to improve the level of Turkish women's thought and the chance to participate in the political and economical life.In economy,expand women operations in agriculture,industry and service industry,enact “labor law” to protect women in work time and hourly wage which make women become an ignored power in theconstruction of the modernization.In social life,abolish women wear veil and dress in robes,encourage them to establish their own organizations and clubs to rich their culture life.Kemal secular reform makes women get rid of the religion bondage for centuries,their long suppressed life has liberated.Women become the individual from the household accessories,the new Turkish women image has created a new concept of modern life,and also laid a comfortable environment to the development society.As one reviews the history,compare with other developed countries in the world,Kemal's reform is still have a gap,this traditionalism and modernmism under the confict of the women's liberation movement is not only in the Middle East,as well as the rest of the world is worthy of study and discussion.