A Research On The Classification Of The Sentence Pattern Of "Shi…de" And Its Distribution In The Chinese Textbook For Foreigners

The object of this paper is the sentence pattern "shi......de" which is the common sentence in Mandarin.In case of its flexibility and variability, it has been debated in linguistic circles for a long time. When foreign students use this sentence, they show a general error. The author try to classify the the sentence pattern of "shi...de" from the semantic aspect to solve those problems.At present, scholars generally based on " focal theory "and regard the sentence pattern of"shi ...de" as the emphasis sentence.But first of all, the sentence pattern of "shi ...de" is different from the emphasis format in English,it's a common oral sentence. Secondly, the sentence pattern of"shi...de" can't be reduced to the general non-emphasis sentence format.Finally, we can't consider the sentence pattern of "shi... de" as the emphasis sentence just because there is a focus in the sentence.In the conversation,sentence pattern of "shi...de" just like a flexible device that confirms and explains the target information. Therefore,the author put forward the sentence pattern "shi...de" for the judgment sentence,and it belongs to non-equivalent judgment sentences.Then the rationality of such classification was demonstrated from three aspects:the purpose of judgment, the semantic relations between components, and the omissions of "shi".Through the discussion of the four questions about sentence pattern of "shi...de", the author summed up four cases of using the sentence pattern of"shi... de" to judge the past event,to judge the state of action and to judge the general truth, to judge the future situation. Scholars generally research the past event judgment, but the author found that, From the perspective of grammatical structure or semantic pragmatic perspective, we should identify "He went to the park in the morning"and "He usually go to the park in the morning" for the same sentence.The author extracts a large number of real corpus through database like BCC, and uses the transformation analysis to analyze the nature of the sentence.From the perspective of semantic relations, the sentence pattern of "shi...de" are divided into identity information judgment and action information judgment depending on the target information of the sentence, According to the different type of information, the identity information judgments are divided into twelve cases,attribution?property?category,function,application?source?pattern?time information,location information, agent, needs and plans, reasons. According to the tense information of the sentence, the action information judgement are divided into three categories: the information judgement of past action, the information judgement of general action, the information judgement of future action .The author analyzes the internal components of sentence pattern of "shi...de".In the action information judgment, the object must be placed in front of "the" except in the information judgement of past action. We also proposed that object in the action information judgement sentence is generally specific. "De" is a structural auxiliaries, moving"de" forward will bring the sentence "achieved meaning". The negative adverb "bu" is usually placed before "shi", but sometimes the sentence can use "non" to deny; Although sometimes"shi"can be omitted, but it should still be regarded as a verb; There are often adverbials in sentences, it can be removed only if the adverbial information is outside of the target information in the sentence,and the time adverbial should be the most flexible one in all kinds of adverbials. The current mainstream Chinese textbooks and Chinese grammar outline were collected.Under the analysis of the distribution of "shi...de" sentence , we put forward that regarding sentence pattern of "shi...de"as judgement sentence, distinguishing action information judgment sentence and identity information judgment sentence, always use questions to lead student.When teaching identity information judgment sentence of sentence pattern of "shi ...de",teach"S+shi+N/adj+de"first,and then "S+shi+Adj+V+de".