| Through the early interaction with the attachment figures,the attachment style of individual shaped and will always be there and affect one’s lifetime.Emotion is an important carrier of emotional connection in the field of psychology.Attachment representation of individual contains attachment--related beliefs,goals and the way individual processing information potentially relevant to the attachment and significant emotional significance.The attention process is seen as a key process leading to differences of the processing of emotional information process in different attachment styles.According to the attachment theory,individuals of attachment anxiety prefer to use hyper-activation strategies to adjust expectations or stress and shows hyper-vigilance on the attachment-related stimuli.This tendency is also generalized to the processing of emotional information.Individuals of attachment anxiety are thought to have greater cognitive dissociation difficulties for negative emotional stimuli which are important causes of emotional disorders.Existing studies have shown that attachment anxiety have lower detection threshold to the emotional stimulation in the early alert stage of attention.However,there are contradictory results in the late maintain stage of attention.The process of attention contains excitement of relevant information and inhibition of irrelevant information.Explore the characteristics of the late maintain stage of individuals of attachment anxiety from the perspective of inhibition.The aim of this study was to explore the differences of attention suppression function in the different valence emotional process between individuals of attachment anxiety and security,further clarify essence of the attentionbias of attachment anxiety for emotion processing.Due to the insufficientinhibition ability,these individuals were found difficult to remove attention from negative stimuli lead to the corresponding attention bias.On this basis,pay more attention to the role of mechanism for improving security and explore the influence of priming the secure base schema to the emotional process individuals of attachment anxiety.Respectively manifest as the facilitationprocessing of positive stimuli,higher cognitive flexibility,increase cognitive resources and higher levels of cognitive control,improving the ability of the inhibition has weakened attachment anxiety attention to negative stimuli processing bias.In this study,we first explored the function of attention-inhibition to emotional stimuli of individuals of attachment anxiety,and the security were recruited as the control group.We Assumed that the ability of attention inhibition to negative emotional stimuli for attachment anxiety is insufficient.Negative affective priming paradigm was used in Experiment 1 to verify the differences of attention inhibition function between attachment anxiety and attachment security.We selected 32 sheets of positive,32 sheets of negative and 32 sheets of neutral picture from Attachment affective picture system as stimuli materials.We compared the difference between the response time and the correct rate for a certain type of picture between negative priming conditions and control conditions.The results showed that: three factors(attachment style * priming type * picture valence)interaction observed.The simple simple effect analysis found:(1)For individual of attachment anxiety,there is an reversal NAP effect to the negative pictures,attentionbias and failure of attention suppression,there is no differences between two priming conditions for positive pictures;(2)For positive pictures,there is NAP effect in the group of individual of attachment security,these individuals exhibited successsuppression.There is no difference between priming conditions for negative pictures.On the bases of experiment 1,we found that attachment anxiety was unable to inhibit negative emotion stimuli.We explored the effective of security base schema priming for attachment anxiety emotion processing,especially the cognitive control process in experiment 2..Experiment 2 uses paradigm that combines priming the secure base schema and the dual-task,choose the name of the subject’s current secure attachment figure for the priming the secure base schema priming material and name of general acquaintance for the neutral priming material.Select20 positive emotional faces and 20 negative emotional faces from Chinese Affective Face Picture System as emotional processing stimulate material.The behavioral data and brain imaging data were recorded in emotional facial processing for both groups in both two priming conditions.We found that:(1)The analysis of behavioral results show that the interaction of priming type *the picture valence is significant,the simple effect analysisshowed that,for positive emotional faces the response time of individual in priming the secure base schema was significantly shorter than that in the neutralpriming condition.(2)The priming effect of the secure base schema was significant,increased neurological activity of left precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex(Pc/PCC),anterior cingutate cortex(ACC),orbital frontal cortex(OFC),supramarginal gyrus(SG),middle temporal gyrus(MTG)and inferior frontal gyrus(IFG)was observed,and those area are known as related to emotion,cognition and motivation system.(3)The emotional process of attachment anxiety individuals was effected by priming the secure base schema.When using priming the secure base schema,for positive face processing,the right fusiform gyrus(FFG),the medial frontal cortex(MFG),and the left precuneus showed greater activation.For negative face processing,from the right fusiform gyrus(FFG)to parahippocampal gyrus,and the bilateral Middle Occipital Gyrus(MOG)showed less activation.In summary,in the negative priming sequence,the attachment anxiety group responded more quickly to the target stimuliin probe interface(negative emotion picture),which was based on the failure of attention inhibition of distract stimuli in priming interface.The processing bias for negative stimuliof attachment anxiety is due to their lack of ability for inhibition,so it is difficult to lift the attention caused by negative stimuli and the emotional processing was effected by the secure base schema priming.Respectively,for the positive stimuli,easier the processing and increase cognitive flexibility;for the negative stimuli,reduce the attention processing bias and increase the ability to suppress.Priming the secure base schema can make up for the lack of attention inhibition ability of attachment anxiety.At the level of neural activity,there was an increase in the activities related to the cognitive control from the top down,but the decrease of the brain activity related to emotional processing.The effect of priming interferes the employment of hyper-activation strategies in attachment anxiety.More importantly,Our results confirm that the interaction of the temporary priming sense of attachment safety and long-term attachment anxiety affects the individual’s processing of emotional images.Priming the secure base schema can activate brain regions related positive emotion,cognitive control and incentive system,the priming effect consists ingredient of positive emotion,cognitive and behavior.Through the cognitive process,the security base schema priming can enhance the execution control of individuals of attachment anxiety and reduce the processing bias for negative stimuli.Attachment security is a very important psychological toughness resources,which can effectively resist the risk of emotional disorders.These findings help toclarify the neural mechanism of the priming security base schema,further clarify the specific components of the secure base schema priming effect,and add new evidence for the improvement of the attention bias of the attachment anxiety. |
PDF Full Text Request