The Constructionalization And Constructional Change Of "Bei/wei/jiao(jiao)/gei+X"

"Bei" "Weir""Jiao/Jiao" "Gei" and so on are the verb of some menings in original,after the development of long time,became into a passive mark that have a passive meaning.From the perspective of Construction theory,the language is a dynamic network,combined with the characteristics of the passive construction of each stage,we can conclued passive construction the development track and evolution motivation of the passive construction."Bei+ X" is based on the[covering]central semantic features,and the semantic appears "cover" ?"suffer" ?"passive�gradient change.The changes of forming are:"S + is + On" to "S + is + OV-N" to "S + is + Ov" to "S + is + N + VP".The initial semantics of "Wei +X" is " done",it wasi in a period of rapid developmentt in the pre-Qin period,and it has evolved into a passive form in the Han Dynasty.Its semantic has following changes:" doing"?"becoming"?"Is"?"passive".Its forming has following changes:"S +Wei +(O)" to "S +Wei +ON" to�S +Wei +OV-N" to"S +Wei +(N)+VP" to "S +Wei +N+Suo+V".The�Bei+ X" construction is similar to the evolution mechanism of "Wei +X".When the object starts to be used as a predicate component,it is suppressed by the construction,then meaning of the verb was viewed as a noun,and then the number of predicate object increases,the VP in construction maintain their own position,producing the power of Anti-coercionresulting,leading to the transfer of the core of the syntax and promoting the construction to the passive construction.The semantics of the form of "Jiao + X" is changed from "teaching" to "passive�.The changes of forming are:"S +Jiao +NP" to "S + Jiao+ NP1 + NP2" to "S + Jiao+NP1+ VP".The semantic evolution of the word "Jiao + X" is "The changes of teaching content"."Jiao + X" changed from "shouting" to "passive",and the semantic evolution is based on the content of "shouting".Its forming has following changes:"S + Jiao+(?)"?"S "+ Jiao+NP"?"S + Jiao+NP + VP"?"S+Jiao + NP+ VP"."Jiao + X" and "Jiao + X" are different construction,but has a similar stage in the late evolution process.The positive clue of "Gei+ X" is formed later,developed into a passive construction until the Qing Dynasty,the general clue of the evolution of semantics is from the "continuous" meaning gradually developed to "give" justice,and then developed into "passive".The evolution of the form is more complicated,mainly due to the object of the main class expansion and construction of the syntax to cause changes in the expansion.In the process of "Jiao/Jiao + X" and "Gei +X",the formation of the verbs is weakened and the inner will is prominent.The formation of the form of "letting" is an important stage,and finally the semantic role changes,The change of pragmatic color leads to the evolution of the constructive formula to passive.By analyzing the construction of "Bei+ X","Weif + X,"Jiao/Jiao + X"and "Gei+X",we find that the evolution mechanism of passive constructs is mainly composed of Construction Coercion and Anti-coercion,the other is from the "letting" to "passive".In the process of the evolution of the passive construction,the extended formulation method is intertwined with the constructive method of loss and enhancement dependency.Although the directions are different,but in the evolution of the construction should be unified look.