Research On The Construction Of The Service-Oriented Social Assistance From The Theory Of Capability

Social Assistance,belonging to the Social Security,is the last safety net to protect the basic right of social members to survive,and it's also the most efficient way to improve people's livelihoods,helping many people in straitened circumstances relieve their life stress.However,as the rapid expansion of information and network over the worldwide,the social risks that social members must face with become various and changeable,the traditional way to mainly provide substance and money has faced difficulties to meet social members' demand,but even leading to “Poverty Trap” and welfare dependency,which deviates from the original intention of Social Assistance.Given the above situation,I selected the households who were enjoying the Minimum Living guarantee and the urban community workers in Tianjin as the respondents of this research.By using questionnaire and semi-structured interview,I grasped the fundamental state of the Social Assistance in Tianjin,and got some information of the issues of Social Assistance in terms of assistance concept,working method,the way to provide assistance and oversight mechanisms.In brief,the tradition Social Assistance overlooked the capability to survive and develop of social members,fuzzed the boundary of the instrumental effects and the constructive effects of income,thus leading to the inefficiency of Social Assistance and giving rise to the the coexistence of the repetition and the omission in Social Assistance.For this matter,based on the current situation of Social Assistance in Tianjin,I mixed the Capability of Amartya Sen and the Social Assistance,then under the theoretical frame of the Capability of Amartya Sen,I attached much importance to the capability to survive and develop,and drew the outline of the Service-Oriented Social Assistance fitting for China.In my opinion,the Service-Oriented Social Assistance consists of political freedoms,economic opportunities,social facilities,transparency guarantees and protective security.In details,I analyzed the construction of the Service-Oriented Social Assistance in the macroscopic,the medium and the micro view,including the formulation of policy and laws,the subject,the working mechanism,the management system and the invention path of Social Work.To construct the Service-Oriented Social Assistance,we should make continuous efforts to improve the law system and people's capability to survive and develop,and clear the assistance concept from the institutional level;besides,we also need to broad social participation,making the subject plentiful,and make the Social Assistance more flexible,professional and diversity.Furthermore,efforts need to be paid to refine the Service-Oriented concept,then put it into effect.In addition,we should get the information of the objects' needs,put services into practice,reducing poverty actively,precisely,permanently.