The Cultivation Of Citizen Consciousness Under The Background Of Governing The Country By Constitution

Since the constitution of 1982 promulgated in our country has gradually established the basic model of governing the country by the constitution,it refers to the system of comprehensive governance of the country,s political and social life as the core of the constitution.The state and the citizen have constituted the main body of the constitutional practice under the background of the governing the country by constitution.Realizing the basic model of governing the country by the constitution,it is not only need the effective restriction of the state power,more need some citizens of the certain character to promote the effective implementation of the constitution by participating in the political life and the social public,in order to maintain the normative force,determination and execution of the constitution.Therefore,cultivating citizen consciousness is the necessary condition to realize the governing the country by constitution.Citizen consciousness is defined as the basic content of the constitution in the community,a kind of psychological feeling and rational cognition of oneself as the subject of rights,obligations,responsibilities and virtues.The specific content of citizen consciousness includes the citizen consciousness on the legal level(subject consciousness,right consciousness,duty consciousness)and citizen consciousness on the public ethics level(responsibility consciousness,virtue consciousness).At the present stage,there are many disadvantages to cultivate the citizen consciousness of our country according to the liberal tradition,return to virtue is the core of the classical republican tradition in a certain extent,and inherit the reasonable core of liberalism,attaching importance to civil liability with communitarianism has obvious advantages in the cultivation of citizen consciousness and the maintenance of community order.On the one hand,although the communitarianism oppose liberalism abstract moral rights,however it attaches great importance to the legal rights in the community.it not only can make citizen pursue all kinds of rights in reality,moreover it avoids the possibility effectively that the civil rights consciousness is moving towards alienation;on the other hand,from the view of the state of Communitarianism and virtue that communitarianism is a citizen under the responsibility to actively participate in public affairs,responsible citizens,is also a citizen of virtue that respect for the views of others,feel the feelings of others,with the spirit of unity and mutual benefit.Although the development of market economy,the spread of democracy and rule of law culture has created the people's autonomy,equality and rights awareness after the reform and opening up,but it is still a far cry from the civic consciousness and the demand of the modern democratic politics.Citizens have the concept of the main body and right at the present stage,but the inner feelings are tilted to the historical tradition,have fear power and power dependent consciousness obviously.It is suitable for citizens to lack the consciousness of participating and the consciousness of virtue in the field of political and social life.The main factors that restrict the growth of citizen consciousness in China include two aspects: history and reality,our country has experienced a long period of autocratic monarchy on the historical level,The political,economic,and cultural basis of the autocratic system hindered the formation of modern civic consciousness greatly.In cases of the rule of law as the center of isomorphic "home country" making the authoritarian state has strengthened the personal control and management greatly by the patriarchal family social intermediate organization,surrender oneself to the state,it is difficult to avoid the emergence of subject consciousness;the natural economy of peasant household,which is based on the family,leads to the people have not the development of social interaction by lacking of sufficient economic ties.Formed a closed,narrow,backward consciousness of private citizens finally.After Neo Confucianism confucian ethics emphasizes the physical interpretation of the five virtues beyond the past,"save heaven,and destroying human desires" even,it cannot be cultivated with different body and consciousness of rights by the ethics norm based on obligation,in addition it led to lack of social morality consciousness of the people by the "personal morals,ethics" of the traditional Confucianism.However,in reality it is also an important factor restricting the formation of modern civic consciousness by the development of modern democratic politics is not perfect in China,the lack of civic education,the lack of civic awareness of the social organization.Our country lacks both the concept and tradition of citizens throughout history to reality,it is also no way to pave the way and experience reference,for cultivation of civic consciousness,While communitarianism provides building diversification path selection and construction of multi-channel mode for the cultivation of Chinese citizen's consciousness.Citizen individual,country and society should participate in the cultivation of citizen consciousness in our country,citizens should not only form the consciousness of subject consciousness,take rights seriously and advocate and safeguard their rights actively,at the same time we must realize the importance of citizen participation in the consciousness of rights,to form a balance of rights and responsibility;the state should expand the space of political participation,create a social organization focused on engagement and dedication;the whole society should strive to build the overall educational community of families,schools and communities.