The Distinction Between Fact And Value And Ethical Naturalism

This article proposes one kind of reductionist naturalism toward nonmoral good,based on Peter Railton's reductionist naturalism toward nonmoral good,hope to offer the theoretical foundation for the empirical research on the non-moral good,and deepen our understanding toward the distinction between fact and value and non-moral good.This article mainly explains the normalization of good and its behavior guiding function.In the first chapter,this article introduces the classic version of the open question argumentation and its two modern versions.Open question argumentation is a proof proposed by Moore to refuse the naturalism definition of good.However,its classical version has been criticized many times,so some scholars have improved it.In the second chapter,this article introduces the reductionist naturalism of Peter Railton.The way Peter Railton solving the open question argument is just escape from it.He only advocates an interpretive good definition that can be improved and corrected.Peter Railton interpreted the non-moral good as what an ideal person who has perfect information and perfect instrumental rationality want the real person want,and put forward five requirements toward the naturalism reduction of good by using hedonism as an example.However,Peter Railton's reductionist naturalism toward non-moral good cannot fully explain the normative force of good,and the hypothetical ideal person makes it difficult to connect with empirical research.In the third chapter,this article attempts to respond to the classic open question argument and its two contemporary versions.In the fourth chapter,this article attempts to propose one kind of reductionist naturalism toward non-moral good.This reduction is divided into two parts.The first part reduces "the individual A think that R is good(actor perspective)" to "the individual A think that R is good(observer perspective)".As they have the same basic facts "A has a mental state called R is good",so the relationship between them is conceptual.In the second part,the non-moral good is explained to a collection of value that can improve the individual's personal well-being,in order to explain the good's behavior guidance function.Then,it is tested on the basis of the five requirements proposed by Peter Railton to determine that this reduction is appropriate.