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Performance And Essence:A Study Of The New Rich Peasants In CPC (1927-1949)

Posted on:2018-03-05Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:M M JiangFull Text:PDF
GTID:2346330566466487Subject:Special History
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The original intention of the CPC's land reform is to solve the problem of uneven distribution of land in china.But after the revolutionary bases had carried out the land reform,some of the farmers,with the support of the CPC,were quickly and wealthy to become new rich peasants.How to treat them,which raised the issue of new rich peasants to the CPC.After the land reform,the land of landlords and rich peasants were confiscated and given to the poor farmers.The land and assets of the landlords and rich peasants is weakened,the poor peasants and farm labourers and even part of the middle peasants is increased,rural change in each classes.In support of the government and individual efforts,some of the original poor,hired,middle peasants slowly got rich,there were some landlords,rich peasants rich again after the equal distribution of land,the CPC called these people as new peasants.In the past,many scholars believe that only the poor,the employed and the middle peasants are the new rich peasants,I think these two are the new rich peasants.The poor,hired and middle peasants rise and become the new rich peasants called “Wu Manyou direction”,represented by Wu Manyou;the landlords and rich peasants riched again in the land equally and it is called the “Zhang Yongtai road”,represented by Zhang Yongtai.New rich peasants of “Wu Manyou direction” got the land in the land reform,through hard work and a variety of business slowly got rich.They got more land,hired and rent part of the land,but also run sideline,transport,industry and commerce,private lending and so on.New rich peasants of “Zhang Yongtai road” after the land reform had to participate in labor,and business.By analyzing the performance and essence of the two new rich peasants,we can see that although they once supported the CPC in politics,they are same to the old rich peasants in terms of political and economic attributes.In the understanding of the CPC,the rich peasants is the bourgeoisie in the countryside,and the rich peasants economy is the capitalist economy in it.Therefore,as the change of the understanding of capitalism,its views on the performance and nature of the new rich peasants is different and focused,also cause it to the new rich peasants policy changes.During the Soviet period,the CPC believed that capitalism in rural had serious feudalism,The rich peasants and the new rich peasants is bound to the counter-revolution.The old and new rich peasants focusing on their political counter-revolution and did not make a clear distinction,so take the policies against the rich peasants.In the period of Anti-Japanese War,the CPC realize that capitalism should be developed in the process of the new-democratic revolution,and the new rich peasants supported the revolution politically and economically conducive to the development of capitalism.Therefore,the policy of encouraging new peasants was adopted.In the liberation war,the CPC realized that it was faced with the problem of developing from capitalism to socialism,on the one hand,it would vigorously develop the capitalism to enter the socialist development,on the other hand,control the rail so as not to deviate from the socialist to capitalism.So for the new rich peasants adopted the policy of both use and restriction.From the perspective of history,the farmers have mentality for the rich,it is the pursuit of their goals.Thus,after the accumulation of wealth through hard labor,farmers will expand production,to purchase more land and hire laborers or rent to farming,also run business,sideline,and engaged in private lending,which is the normal operation of the rural economy.Therefore,the new rich peasants and the old rich peasants,are the inevitable outcome of rural economic operation.However,in the eyes of the CPC,both the old and new rich peasants are the product of the development of capitalism,and the new rich peasants are different from the old rich peasants after the land reform.Because of the different faces of the new rich peasants,the CPC can pay attention to the different characteristics of its performance and essence,depend on the needs of the situation in the formulation of the new rich peasant policy.This shows the flexibility and practicality of the CPC's policy making,but also the key factors affecting the fate of the new rich peasants.
Keywords/Search Tags:New Rich Peasants, CPC, Wu Manyou, Zhang Yongtai, Rich Peasants
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