The Establishment And Application Of The Index System Of Over-education Based On Factor Analysis

With the further promotion of higher education popularization, the scale of graduate education is becoming more and more, graduate level of talent shortage of supply and demand for a greater ease, there was even some graduate students the difficult employment and low quality of employment and other issues. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences of the degree of over-education under the different backgrounds from the perspective of over-education by using a method of factor analysis to set up an index system for researching the large numbers of graduate students from a variety of majors, and also explain its root causes so as to put forward the appropriate polices and suggestions.Based on the analysis of the literature on the problem of over-education both in the domestic and foreign, think over over-education refers to the rapid growth of the number of higher education graduates began to exceed the actual demand of the labor market,educated labor force faces knowledge unemployment, or engaged in the work with the degree of mismatch, results lead to a decline in income, the waste of educational resources.Its main theoretical support includes three kinds of concrete measures by American educational economist Henry. M. Levin to judge the over education and J. Bishop's definition of over education and so on. On this basis, and through the questionnaire survey and so on to establish the index system based on factor analysis, including the three first level indicators that is " historical comparison", "below expectation", "the level of education higher than the recruitment requirements" and according to the specific performance of the first level indicators set up a number of secondary indicators. In the study, the effective index system is used to form a total score of over-education, to compare the relative size of the degree about the over-education under the different backgrounds. Finally, according to the consequence of our comparison, we did a thoroughanalysis of the possible causes of the result, and provided many specific policies and suggestions in order to solve the problem.Due to the theory that was summed up according to the factor analysis, the three first level indicator that is “historical comparison ", " below expectation ", " the level of education higher than the recruitment requirements “which was supported by the theory were proved to be effective, and the total conclusion that the phenomenon of over-education about graduate students are truly exist. According to the degree of over-education from high to low order: girls, boys; engineering, business, liberal arts, science; third-year graduate students, second-year graduate students, first-year graduate students; the national key universities, universities of "211 project" or "985 project", ordinary university and independent college; urban areas, rural areas; students with internship, students without internship. The reason lies in the face of the internship or job opportunities, women are obviously in a weak position; the employment of engineering and business is more in favor of the actual operation and communication with the people, liberal arts and science education, as well as the academic course content and the actual match; the students who participated in the internship are more clear about the actual work requirements; the undergraduate school level after graduate school of different means that its future development is expected to differ; national policy guidance for students living in different residence and so on. In order to solve these problems, the paper put forward the following policy recommendations: national government level, the introduction of a series of relevant legal measures or document guidance to restrict or encourage employers to recruit awareness. Do a good job in rural areas in the future of the students in the urban development of the necessary guarantee, relevant departments to implement a number of policies; employing unit level, it should have a certain sense of social responsibility, can not only stand in the economic interests of the point of view of the problem, try to minimize or ignore gender factors when recruiting. At the same time, it should have the ability to identify people, more to have the technical content, the need to be creative workassigned to the right people; on the level of colleges and universities, the courses offered should take into account the practicality of the students in their work, it is necessary for students to get in touch with the situation at work as soon as possible; graduate level, to adjust the expected, to know even from the most basic work is a kind of exercise, their own can not be too ambitious.