The Implement Effects Of SSA In India

India started a new program of universal elementary education in 2001 which is named as Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in Hindi(SSA is short for SSA).SSA is a flagship program for universalizing elementary education in new century which is published by Indian government.SSA makes great efforts on ensuring completion of elementary education by all children in the 6-14 age group,enhancing learning levels of children and bridging gaps of gender and social category.This study is mainly about the implement effects of SSA.This paper mainly focuses on construction of schooling facilities,in-service training for teachers,disadvantaged group education and access,drop-out,retention,pupil-teacher ratio and learning levels because of its large scale.This thesis includes six parts as follows.The introduction defines the research objectives.That is to explore the effectiveness of the implementation of SSA.Next,the paper puts forward the research questions including through the implementation of SSA,whether to achieve the established objectives?How to ensure the smooth implementation of SSA?Are there any obstacles in the process of implementation of SSA?The first chapter is the analysis of the effectiveness of popularizing elementary education in the international context.It mainly reviews the definition and requirements of international organizations for the popularization of elementary education,the process of popularizing elementary education in Europe and America,and the successful experiences of European and American countries.The purpose is to provide practical implementation reference for exploring the effectiveness of SSA in India.The second chapter is about the background factor analysis of SSA.In the chapter,it reviews the international environment which influences the development of SSA,and analyzes the factors that influence the development of elementary education in India from the aspects of economy,population,culture and the unbalanced development of elementary education.Focus on the overall development situation of elementary education.The third chapter is the analysis of the implementation process of SSA.This chapter mainly expounds the target,the main content,the implementation condition,the implementation form of SSA.The fourth chapter is the implement effects of SSA.This chapter focuses on implement effects after implementation of SSA.It’s mainly from the school infrastructure,in-service teacher training,girls’ education,the scheduled groups,other backward groups on education and children with special needs to analyze and discuss.It analyze the situation of access,drop-out and retention of 6-14 age group in general.It also pays attention to the situation of universal elementary education in each state in India and pupil-teacher ratio and the teaching quality to investigate whether the achievements have been achieved or not at last.The fifth chapter is the analysis of implement effects of SSA-with the example of Bihar.It expounds the situation of access,drop-out,pupil-teacher ratio,girls’ education,the scheduled groups and other backward groups on education,school infrastructure,in-service teacher training and children with special needs.Finally,it gives a summary and evaluation of implement effects in Bihar.The last chapter is the evaluation and conclusion.This chapter is mainly about the evaluation of implement effects from the aspects of government,scholars and the author.It aims to find out the success and failure of the implementation.Think about the desired factors to achieve success,as well as the obstacles and propose solutions.