Wireless Sensor Network Fuzzy Routing Algorithm

Energy Limited is the biggest challenge for WSNs development and wide applications and extending the network lifetime of WSNs is one of the most important areas of related research. Considering the effectiveness and balance of node energy consumption, this paper proposed a new fuzzy based routing selection mechanism. This algorithm gets over the problem of shortened network lifetime because of unbalanced energy consumption with a balanced energy consumption mechanism, which improves the energy efficiency of the network to a certain extent. The main work of this paper is as follows:(1)The Theil index, which is an important parameter representing the imbalance, was introduced as the key index of the DEB(Degree of Energy Balance, DEB) of residual energy for different nodes. The Theil index can not only reflect the relative balance of node energy consumption, but also weigh the contribution of the energy consumption imbalance of different nodes in one group and different groups.(2)Node Quality(NQ) and Transmitting Capacity(TC) were defined as two important routing selection criteria. Node quality is defined based on residual energy and hop to the sink, the node with more residual energy and less hop to the sink node has a better node quality. Transmitting capacity is defined based on the number of forward neighbor nodes and traffic load, the node with more forward neighbor nodes and smaller traffic load has a better transmitting capacity.(3)A novel energy balanced fuzzy routing(EBFR) algorithm which considers the balanced and effective node energy consumption was proposed. This routing protocol determines an optimal routing path from source nodes to the s ink by favoring the node with the highest Node Quality(NQ), largest Transmit Capacity(TC) and best Degree of Energy Balance(DEB) of Theil index.(4)Simulations verified and analyzed the effectiveness and balance of energy consumption for the proposed algorithm.