Study On Books Engraving Of Kaifeng In Qing Dynasty

Books engraving industry of Kaifeng in Qing dynasty had good social and cultural conditions.After the ruling foundation had been strengthened,Qing Government adopted a rigid-flexible combining cultural policy with the help of literary inquisition means and Confucian worship measures to realize the purpose of controlling and drawing over han nationality intellectuals.Henan provincial government carried out the Qing dynasty’s ruling ideology,cracked down on "forbidden books",meanwhile supported the reform of academy education thought in Kaifeng,providing institutional guarantee for the academic exchanges in the Central Plains.As Kaifeng was in the status of provincial,its capitalamphibious transportation is convenient.Economic recovery had developed rapidly after the Qing dynasty,population growed stably and people’s demand for cultural products also increased.With good foundation of books engraving,books engraving industry of Kaifeng in Qing dynasty got restoration and development soon and established a perfect system including books engraving of government office,books tengraving of academy,books engraving of bookshop and private printing.Compared with the previous generation,books engraving industry of Kaifeng in Qing dynasty presented the trend of continuous improvement.Books engraving of the government office was gradually modernized and the division of labor was more reasonable.On the basis of serving local society,it sent to the press of disaster relief,agricultural guidance books in many areas.It sticked to practical understanding,kept pace with the times and engraved excellent Confucian classics and local science works,meanwhile it engraved western literature in the late,guiding social weathering;The acadamy of Kaifeng in Qing dynasty,represented by the college of Daliang,not only did they have enough money,but they also had excellent university teams and a rich collection of books on the basis of the mutual exchange between scholars in the central plains.In addition to engrave books that are required by the inscriptions,they also payed attention to the printing of the works of the excellent college.The publication of the academy was a comprehensive summary of the development of the academy;With its flexible operation mode and efficient guild management,bookshop was becoming more and more standardized under the role of market persuing new and fast,widely signetting the buddhist calendar,the drama and the novel that people needed,as well as the famous works of the the Logicians,the examination of the imperial examination and the persuasion of the good works of filial piety,which was a booster to enrich the people’s cultural life and active cultural market.Under the guidance of "domestic peace" ideas,the atmosphere of private printing in Kaifeng was thick.Private printing became more widespread and the range was wider and the range of private printing amplified from their poem collections to pedigree of a clan,high officials’ posthumous works and fri-ends and teachers’ writing.There was a few booms and busts of private printing in the whole period of Qing dynasty and a boom in Dao-guang period.Chow was the excellent representative of Kaifeng private printing in Qing dynasty.A lot of works had been published by many generations from the poet corpus to the lexical novel and so on.In the aspects of carving technology,the carving and lithographic printing and the letterpress printing occured together in the Guangxu period.As the last glory in the history of Kaifeng books engraving,the implications of books engraving industry of Kaifeng in Qing dynasty for later generations were profound.Mature and sound systems of books engraveing and publications of many Confucian classics and excellent local works not only promoted the dissemination and academic development of the central plains,but also effectively consolidated the feudal moral order.It also helped to guide the general mood of society memorize folk culture,enlightened popular wisdom and promoted the development of modern city tourism and culture.Becoming the cultural symbol of kaifeng culture,the bookstore street played a significant role in retaining popular memory and increasing the connotation of urban culture.