Research On Human Resource Efficiency Of Chinese Listed Tourism Companies

As a sunrise industry, tourism has been the world's third largest industry. Its development speed is very alarming. With the rapid development of Chinese tourism industry, tourism market increasingly standardized, more and more tourism enterprises have participated in market competition, forming a certain scale, tourism listed companies are outstanding among these enterprises. As labor-intensive service enterprises, one of the most important sources of the core competitiveness of tourism listed companies is human resources, which has a long-term effect on the future development of the company. Currently, Chinese tourism listed companies have begun to take shape in number, but in terms of human resource management still exist many problems, especially in the input and output of human resources, such as the quality of employees is not high, lack of high-level compound personnel, poor operating performance and so on, so the human resource efficiency has become the focus of tourism listed companies concerned, how to improve the human resource management which is at the core of human resource efficiency is increasingly becoming a common problem of tourism enterprises.Based on this background, the study first introduces the background and significance of the research, looking back relevant research trends at home and abroad,then the concept of human resource efficiency will be defined. On the basis of human capital theory, efficiency theory, core competence theory and input-output theory,drawing support from the previous research results, this study quantifies the input,output and influencing factors of human resource efficiency as possible. Through the comparative of the frontier analysis method of evaluating efficiency, this paper chooses the battese & coelli(1995) model of stochastic frontier analysis(SFA) to analyze empirically human resource efficiency and its influencing factors of the tourism listed companies. The study sample is the panel data from 2010 to 2014 of 30 tourism listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A shares.The empirical result shows that overall level of human resource efficiency of Chinese tourism listed companies is general, each companies' human resource efficiency level is uneven. The highest average efficiency of all companies during five years is China Youth Travel Service, and the lowest is Jinjiang shares. Besides, the company with greater fluctuation rang has lower average value of human resource efficiency, whereas the opposite. At the same time, current Chinese tourism listedcompanies still has good material incentive effect, lack of training. In the analysis of influencing factors, employee compensation, the quantity and quality of human resources, the development degree of human resources, the size of the enterprise, the enterprise management level are helpful to improve human resource efficiency.Business format is also found to have great influence on human resource efficiency of tourism listed companies, scenic resources listed company is at the highest level,followed by integrated services, hotel and catering listed company. Human resource efficiency of tourism listed companies in different business areas has large difference,but there is no direct link between efficiency and local economic development level.The level of human resource efficiency from high to low is the Around Bohai Region,the western region, the central region, the Pearl River Delta Region and the Yangtze River Delta Region. Thus, this study puts forward the specific suggestions to improve human resource efficiency of Chinese tourism listed companies according to the results of analyzing human resource efficiency and its influencing factors.