Market Positioning Analysis Of Village Bank About Borrowing Small Agricultural Credit

Problem of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" is an event of the nation's powerful, people's happiness, Three Rural Issues problems currently facing the biggest problem is a serious shortage of funding, therefore, in order to fundamentally solve the " Three Rural Issues " problems must be conducted in the capital to the agriculture, rural areas and farmers, to make more money to stay in the countryside, provide more credit support for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Farmers and small micro enterprise loan support is the key to the development of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers"Is the current actual situation of the big four state-owned commercial Banks in outlets from villages and towns, provide financial support for rural economic development only rural credit cooperatives and postal savings bank, no competition, only by both can meet the capital demand, rural growing increasingly sharp contradiction between supply and demand, the farmers and small business loans difficult to become a common phenomenon.In order to activate the rural financial market, make more money into rural areas, provide more credit support to farmers and small micro enterprises, banking supervision commission policy, the policy window is supporting the rural Banks and set up the goal is to provide financial support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the CBRC requires its loan to have the characteristics of the diversification and its market positioning is "farmers, small loans", its goal is based on local, service village, and farmers to provide financial support for small enterprises.But just Banks in developed rural loans from farmers and small enterprises, problems tend to be more large enterprises, in 2013, the China banking regulatory commission relevant data show that the national more than 70 rural Banks farmers and small micro enterprise loan account for less than 50%. At the end of 2015 the national rural Banks farmers and small micro enterprise loan balance accounts for 48% of the total loan balance, village Banks "a small agricultural credit loan market orientation deviation is getting worse, the problem is not solved, village Banks will not be able to have a good service to agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the rural financial market. How to build the village Banks "credit agriculture, a small loan comparative advantages, to establish the" agriculture, a small loan market positioning, make the village bank is to provide high quality service for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, also can get considerable profit, become an important force in the rural financial market.The research idea of this paper is on the basis of the theory of comparative advantage analysis to solve related problems. Analysis of village Banks in terms of "agriculture, a small loan the comparative advantage of deficiencies, cause its" farmers, small credit loan market positioning, how to build its comparative advantages make it consciously established "farmers, small credit loan market positioning.A, village Banks deviated from "agriculture, a small loan market positioning of the reasons are:First, did not give full play to the advantages of itself. Not to recognize their own geographical advantage popular, village Banks with farmers and small micro enterprise distance closer, through long time contact, it is easier to understand their individual information, the soft information is one of the important indicators to measure credit degree, this advantage can effectively reduce the cost of information collection, review, and loan management costs.Second, the government's preferential fiscal and taxation, cause its profit space is small. At present the main tax is 50000 of village Banks to issue the following farmers microcredit interest income shall be exempted from business tax, enterprise income sharp 90% duty the agricultural loan balance. To the loan balance year-on-year growth, at the end of the deposit-loan ratio is higher than 50% and meet the requirements of the China banking regulatory commission regulatory indicators of village Banks,2% of the average balance according to its lending to give subsidies. But subsidies into the village and town bank income accounting, also want to pay enterprise income tax, preferential policies lead to subsidies cannot be fully implemented. The state administration of taxation and ministry of finance regulation, since January 1, 2008 on December 31,2010, village Banks when computational income tax, agricultural loans and small micro enterprise loan loss provisions can be deducted in full, this for the establishment of village Banks in succession in 2007 practical significance is not big, because in the policy during the period, many of village and town bank loans belong to the new loans, bad probability is small, the preferential policy.Third, "a small agricultural credit loan risk is too big. Agriculture is a weak industry, much affected by natural disasters, natural disasters lead to increase agricultural production cost, on the one hand, on the other hand lead to food production, directly affect the recycling of peasant household loans. Small micro enterprise scale is small, scattered, when business fluctuate more vulnerable. Farmers and small micro enterprise loan has the characteristics of small, scattered, high cost, difficult management, cost. Policy-oriented agricultural insurance coverage is low at present stage, the loss compensation rate is not high, lack of catastrophe risk disperse mechanism. Farmers and small micro enterprise guarantee mechanism is imperfect, the lack of policy financing guarantee agencies, the deficiency of increased the risk of \"small agricultural credit loan".Fourth, the deposit reserve capture puts scale is relatively high. Capture puts scale of village and town bank reserve of 13%, the higher the reserve requirement ratio, reduce the liquidity of village Banks, rural Banks less money available for lending. And high deposit reserve ratio, equivalent to the village and town bank tax increases. The deposit reserve rate of only 1.6% or so, and comprehensive cost of village and town bank to bank deposits of to 3.5%, village and town bank to the central bank to pay the deposit reserve, means that the government in taxes, bank reduces the profit source of village Banks.These aspects of comparative advantage is not enough, reduced the profit source of village Banks,\"a small agricultural credit loan risk at the same time also can't get fragmented, the natural cause village Banks\," a small agricultural credit loan market orientation deviation.Second, the foreign successful positioning service "agriculture, a small loan experience of community Banks and rural Banks.The overseas successful positioning service "agriculture, a small loan community Banks and the bank's experience, the existence of comparative advantage is worthy of reference for our country, they use their own popularity, geographical advantages, through long-term contact, understand the farmers and small micro enterprise personalized information, centralized resource for farmers and small micro enterprises create characteristic products, with large Banks compete dislocation. Government tax preferential policies, to benefit from the deposit reserve, microfinance organizations may, according to market supply and demand decide lending and deposit rates. These policy mechanism to ensure that its operating profit and risk control, laid the "farmers, small credit loan market positioning of comparative advantage.Three, make village Banks "a small agricultural credit loan market positioning of the idea of comparative advantageMainly based on their popularity geographical advantages, to carry out differentiation competition; More preferential tax and differential deposit reserve policy; Improve the agricultural risk compensation mechanism, government funding can be extracted according to proper proportion, every year is dedicated to farmers and small micro enterprise loan risk compensation; Set up in view of the agricultural credit guarantee agencies, funds shall be borne by the national government, for its low rate of guarantee service. encourage commercial insurance to agricultural credit system, government subsidies for its orientation and reward; Build support small evaluation system, increase the intensity of subsidies and incentives.The most core content is to build a "farmers, small credit loan market positioning of the profit and risk control advantage, make its initiative to establish\" farmers, small credit loan market positioning of comparative advantage.