Study On The Content And Distribution Characteristics Of Synthetic Musk In Coastal Wetlands

In this study, seven kinds of synthetic musks were characterized in Jiaozhou Bay wetland and Yellow River Delta wetland, including celestolide, phantolide, traseolide,galaxolide, tonalide, musk xylene, and musk ketone. They were analyzed by the methods of soxhlet extraction and solid phase extraction, using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS). We had characterized the concentrations and distribution of synthetic musks in wetland. In addition, the effects of purifying the toxins had also been performed in this study, as well as a preliminary ecological risk assessment. And we had also realized the relationships between SMs and the total organic carbon(TOC) in those areas. The main content and results of this research were summarized as follows.In Jiaozhou Bay wetland, three kinds of synthetic musks were detected, i. e. galaxolide,tonalide and musk ketone. In Taoyuan River and Dugu River wetland, the average concentrations of them were 42.2 ng·L-1, 10.4 ng·L-1, 3.60 ng·L-1 in 14 surface water samples and 19.2 ng·g-1(dry weight, dw), 5.03 ng·g-1(dw), 9.05 ng·g-1(dw) in 18 sediment samples. In the intertidal zone of the north of Jiaozhou Bay, the average concentrations of them were 3.16 ng·g-1(dw), 5.34 ng·g-1(dw), 8.25 ng·g-1(dw) in 7sediment samples. In Yellow River Delta wetland, galaxolide and tonalide were the main musk contaminants which were detected in 24 sediment samples. The average concentrations of them were 2.92 ng·g-1(dw) and 1.69 ng·g-1(dw). Galaxolide was the main contaminant which was detected in all of the samples of those two wetlands, with the detection rates were 100%. And according to the predicted no-effect concentrations(PNECs) for HHCB and AHTN in surface water and sediment samples, the concentrations of HHCB and AHTN maybe no ecological risk to aquatic organisms both in Jiaozhou Bay wetland and Yellow River Delta wetland. We assessed the correlative relationships among SMs by using SPSS software. The concentrations of HHCB and AHTN were statistically significant, and it indicated that they may have common sources and similar environmental fate. But there were no statistically significant between SMs and TOC in sediment samples(p > 0.05).In Jiaozhou Bay wetland, the total SM concentrations increased at the sampling sites where near the landfill, the mouth of the river, and obsolete villages. In addition, in the Yellow River Delta wetland, the sampling sites at the villages, management stations, and scenic spots have higher SM concentrations than other surrounding sampling sites. Then the concentrations of SMs in wetlands tended to decrease along the flow direction both inJiaozhou Bay wetland and Yellow River Delta wetland. In the two wetlands, the distributions of the SMs have typical human interference characteristics.This study has analyzed the variation tendencies of SM concentrations in different environment mediums and the values of AHTN/HHCB, PCMs/NMs. The results showed as follows:(1) Because of the different physicochemical properties of HHCB, AHTN, and MK,there are great difference in the variation tendencies of their concentrations in surface water and sediments environment. The decreasing tendencies of AHTN and MK were more obvious than HHCB in the surface water. But the tendency of MK concentrations was decreased more significantly than HHCB and AHTN in sediments.(2) AHTN to HHCB(AHTN/HHCB) ratios were not statistically significant between the samples of surface water and sediments(p > 0.05).(3) In Jiaozhou Bay wetland, there were large differences on the ratios of PCMs/NMs at the two study areas. In the intertidal zone, the sampling sites with higher PCMs/NMs ratios were located at the mouth of rivers, or had a large population density and more sewage emissions. However, in the Taoyuan River and Dagu River wetlands, the PCMs/NMs ratios had no population density, lifestyle, and geographical location characteristics.To compare the concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in surface water and sediment samples, the pollution levels of Jiaozhou Bay wetland were similar to most regions in the world, like Haihe River of Tianjin and Suzhou Creek of Shanghai in China. However, the concentration of MK was in a high level. In Yellow River Delta wetland, the SM concentrations in sediment samples were higher than Meiliang Bay of Taihu in China, but were much lower than other areas in the world.