| 1. Mandarin voles (Lasiopodomys mandarinus Milne-Edwards) have a wide distribution in Shanxi province, its damaged crops from the south to the north. Apple, wheat, asparagus, Chinese herbal medicines and other crops were its fevered foods. Mandarin vole likes inhabited in the shrub, grass, and has the deep or sandy environment by the river. Mandarin vole's skull was flat and broad, it's have a significant differences with Brandt's vole, Microtus fortis, and Apodemus hair foot rat, using digital feet could be distinguished. The tunnel of Mandarin vole was complex, a complete cave system covers an area of 75-150 square meters. In the cave,4 to 6 Mandarin voles lived in common, you also can find 16 Mandarin voles in one cave, but it's rare. Mandarin vole eats about 16 families of nearly 40 kinds of crops and most weeds in the field, its fevered foods include 15 plants, mainly for weed and vegetables. Mandarin voles could births many times a year, March and August is the reproductive peaks throughout the year. Adult Mandarin voles have a strong attack inclination, when two adult males compete for territory or dominant position, and female was during the positive lactation period, their attack incline were very strong. Under normal circumstances, the Mandarin voles can bear many times a year, the first breeding peak in March, August is the second breeding peak. Improving farming system and optimizing orchard management has a good control effect on the density of Mandarin voles. Density of April and density of October had a significantly correlated, which could be used to predict. At present, agricultural rodents monitoring and early warning system construction had made great progress, Ministry of agriculture have developed the rodent monitoring data system. Poison bait station feeding technique is widely used to control the field mouse in China. LEF detection method are mainly used for resistance monitoring of rodenticide, sterile rodent control technology has been developing rapidly, levonorgestrel and quinestrol has been in-depth study; TBS technology was being used and test in many provinces, ecological management technology application are rarely applied in farmland.2. Using carrots as base bait, we formulated the 0.005% Bromadiolone and 0.005% Brodifacoum poison bait, according to the hole feeding and sufficient amount method, with random group design, we tested the poison bait's effect in the field. The area of each sample was 1 hm2, repeated 3 times,15 days late check the effect with plugging hole method. Test results show that the poison bait of 0.005% brodifacoum and 0.005% bromadiolone had a good control effect on Mandarin voles, the death hole rate was 86.62% and 85.40% respectively, corrected the killing hole rate was 87.74% and 86.62% respectively. The difference between the control effect was not significant, so Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone could be used to control the density of the Mandarin vole's population in the field.3. In the field with enough installation method, we studied the catching effects of Mandarin voles with intelligent hunting device, Yinhang fast-catching device and iron clips. Each processing area was 0.25 hm2 (50 m*50 m), repeated 3 times. Once every 0.5 day, checked the catching effect. The test results show that three kinds of traps all had control effect of Mandarin voles. The control effect of iron clips was good, after the correction the cave control rate was up to 71.45%. Intelligent hunting device and Yinhang fast-catching device both had certain control effect, but not as good as possible, after correction the cave control rates were 54.68% and 45.78% respectively.4. In apple orchard, we studied the affection of Mandarin vole population by artificial capture and flood irrigation. The experiment had four treatments design, respectively for orchard with planting clover, orchard with grass in nature, no weeds in orchards, and flood irrigation of orchard with grass, each treatment was 0.5 hectare (50 m*100 m). Each treatment set three times repeated,15 days late, checked the effects by plugging the hole method. Experimental results show that under different ecological conditions, artificial hunting with flood irrigation had a significant control effect, the control effect of orchard without grass was best, the corrected death hole rate is up 73.63%, was significantly higher than orchards which have trefoil grass planting and natural born grass. It's also have some control effects in the clover grass planting orchards and natural growing grass orchard, after corrected the death hole rate were 53.78% and 56.26% respectively. The flooding irrigation also had certain inhibitory effects on the Mandarin vole's population in orchards, after corrected the death hole rate was 17.72%. |
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