Gln Increases The Skeletal Muscle Mass Of T2DM Rats

sarcopenia is an old age disease.sarcopenia has 3 characteristics:decreased skeletal muscle volume,decreased muscle strength and decreased quality of life.The causes of sarcopenia are related to age,nutrition,exercise,disease and other factors.The pathogenesis of this disease is complex.Diabetes mellitus is a very common metabolic disorder in elderly patients.It can cause sarcopenia because of the decrease of insulin level or the increase of blood sugar caused by insulin resistance.Glutamine(Glutamine,Gin)is a non essential amino acid in the organism.Because Gin plays an important role in organisms,it is also called conditionally essential amino acid".Gin has many clinical uses.The insulin signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway for the organism to regulate blood glucose levels and promote the growth of the organism itself.Among them,PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is one of the downstream of insulin signaling pathway.The downstream target genes of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are myogenic differentiation antigen genes(Myogenic Differentiation Antigen,MyoD)and muscle ring finger 1 genes(muscle RING finger 1,MuRF1),which are related to changes in skeletal muscle mass.In this study,a model of type 2 diabetic rats was induced by high fat diet combined with small dose of streptozotocin injection.The rats were treated with Gin for four weeks and eight weeks.The effect of Gin on the expressions of MyoD and MuRF1 in rats of each group(normal control group,type 2 diabetes model control group,Gin low-dose treatment group,Gin high-dose treatment group)were studied.To investigate the molecular mechanism of Glin on skeletal muscle quality in type 2 diabetic rats,and to provide theoretical basis for the use of Gin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes induced sarcopenia.The present study also investigated whether the blood parameters related to the increase of skeletal muscle mass in type 2 diabetic rats could be detected in the blood parameters after Gin treatment.We found that Gin could increase the skeletal muscle quality in type 2 diabetic rats.Gln can increase the MyoD gene and down regulate the expression of MuRF1 gene in type 2 diabetic rats respectively,and play an important role in increasing the quality of skeletal muscle.After treatment with Gin,there was no blood index related to the increase of skeletal muscle mass in type 2 diabetic rats.