A Study Of Taoist Political Philosophy In The Pre-Qin Dynasty

The pre Qin Taoist figures,as the unique group of spring and autumn and the Warring States Period, when they were in the actual social life, they were always full of realistic political worries of love and humanistic concern for the society. Lao Tzu had integrated the humanistic spirit into his all theoretical system, he advocated "The bad ones I also declare good" "humane follows natural law" and "Preaches the doctrine without words", they all reflected his great and selfless humanitarian spirit. Chuang Tzu inherited it to advocated "The only contact with the spirit world", paid attention to personal life situation. The enlightenment of "Regard the people's opinions as my own" to construct the harmonious society, overall, is that we should attention to human-centric and respect personal value.There were some differences between Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu to the view of "Letting things take their own course", Lao Tzu paid more attention to the government, asked the rulers do not be reckless and do not toss, they should respond to public opinion, recuperate and build up strength. But Chuang Tzu paid more attention to reached a free and unrestrained individual life, be free from things of the world to the spiritual realm. Huang-Lao Taoists absorbed the connotation of "Govern by doing nothing that goes against nature" by Lao Tzu, they put forward their view "Along", which meant accommodation, adaptation and follow, reflected the natural inaction ideological characteristics of Lao Tzu. The enlightenment of "Govern by doing nothing that goes against nature" to develop people's democracy, overall, is streamlining of government, make full use of the initiative of people.There were also some differences between Chuang Tzu and Huang-Lao Taoists to the view of "Internal saints and external kings". The core idea of Chuang Tzu's is pay attention to the importance of independent personality. Its value lied in that he had noticed individual personality spirit value from the rulers, and then he put his all ideological system to the individual spiritual realm rather than the governance of society. But Huang-Lao Taoists paid more attention to the external achievements and successes, they advocated rule of the law, using both morality and law. It reflected the characteristics of their thought of political philosophy absorbed anything and everything. The enlightenment of "Internal saints and external kings" to governing the country by law, overall, is that thinking highly of law to governing the country, so it can be open faire and justice. Thinking highly of morality to enlightenment, so it can enhance the personal moral cultivation and improve the social moral level.