A Historical Source Of The Concept Of "cultural Imperialism.

In 2016,some scholars considered that the whole world is going through the retreat of globalization,but the concept of "globalization" has been questioned by some scholars(Vincent Mosco,Pierre Bourdieu)that the concept obscures the inequality in global space.This thesis traces the origin and development of the cultural imperialism which came out in 1960s.This thesis analyses this concept under the specific historical context with the perspective of sociology of knowledge.This thesis investigates the origin of cultural imperialism,discuses the development of this concept,and study it in context of post-colonialism and the theory of modern world system After the Word War two,America and the Soviet Union control these the third world countries by offering financial and military assistances,and one-way dissemination of culture to these poor countries.This thesis argues that the concept of cultural imperialism is the criticism of "modernity" in the context of"postcolonial" social history.The definition of cultural imperialism has been widely argued and there is no certain definition of it.Herbert Schiller,the representative scholar of the concept,is the core of the whole debate.Regarding Herbert Schiller as a node,this thesis tries to grasp Schiller’s construction of this concept by investigating his life,thoughts and the practice of joining in rebuilding the New Information and Communication Order(NWICO).In the late 1970s and early 1980s,with the research of communication beginning to turn to "positive audience" and the postmodernist turn of culture,some scholars,such as John Thomson and James Lull,questioned cultural imperialism.In the 1990s,with the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the emergence of a new world pattern,more and more scholars began to use the "globalization" of such mild words.Schiller and scholors of political economy of communications complete and develop the concept of "cultural imperialism".John Tomlinson follows the theory of Foucault’s discourse theory and thinks that if we want to grasp cultural imperialism,we need to examine the two concepts of"culture" and "imperialism" separately.So this thesis divides the concept into "culture"and "Imperialism"."Imperialism" refers to "inequality" and "hegemony",so we cannot use mild words like "globalization" to express the phenomenon of global inequality.In addition,this thesis believes that the concept of "cultural imperialism" ignores the relationship between the materiality of "culture" and "technology" to a certain extent,and also ignors the "technical form of media" by study the concept of "culture".It is believed that the future development of this concept can learn from Debray’s Mediology.At the same time,the opinion proposed by Tomlinson and other scholars that the concept has neglected individual autonomy is right in some extent.While the concept does not neglect the audience individual,it neglects the special society of these countries.In this thesis,it is proposed that power should not blindly pursue the macro,as Foucault thinks as power in any place.Also,the development of this concept is based on the nation-state field to discover the power that exists in life.