Supervision Practice Of Capital Adequacy Ratio Of The Main Countries Under The Basel Agreement ? And Its Enlightenment To China

Capital regulatory is the core of the banking supervision,and the capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks is an important barrier to resist risks.With the time gone,Basel Capital Accord was continued to modify and improve,some rules in the early "Basel Capital Accord" has outdated.In this case,the Basel Committee has developed the new Basel Capital Accord-the "Basel Capital Accord ?",making a more stringent requirement to the capital adequacy ratio regulatory that the core capital adequacy ratio and capital adequacy ratio were to 8.5%and 10.5%.While the new Capital Accord also established new provisions that the leverage ratio cannot be less than 3%.And the Basel Committee Member States,as the international bank capital adequacy ratio regulation practice benchmark,in the enjoyment of the rights of policy discussion at the same time also take the lead in the implementation of the "Basel agreement" obligations.At the same time,with the status of developing countries in the world economy continues to improve,making the "Basel agreement" of the Basel Committee,its members have been extended by the developed countries in Europe and the first ten and Japan and other 27 countries or regions including China,India,Brazil and other developing countries.Among them,as the earlier implementation of the "Basel III" countries,the developed countries including United States,European Union,Japan and other emerging economies,its banking industry capital adequacy ratio regulation has the extremely strong representative,the capital adequacy ratio supervision practice has the important reference significance to our country banking industry.Under this background,this paper selects the United States,European Union,Japan as the three developed countries and economies,and India,Brazil and South Africa and other emerging economies as the capital adequacy supervision practice of"major countries" to analyze.In this context,referencing to foreign and local scholars on capital adequacy ratio regulatory and the results of research supervision,using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis method,to study the major countries and China's capital adequacy ratio supervision practice under the Basel III framework,and reference to the national capital adequacy ratio supervision and practice experience,to put forward some suggestions for China's capital adequacy ratio supervision.The research content of this paper is divided into five parts,as follows:The first chapter is introduction,It mainly states the background and the significance of the research,summarizes and comments on the existing research of capital adequacy ratio,and puts forward the logic and contents,innovations and shortcomings of this study.The second chapter is the requirement of capital adequacy regulation under the Basel agreement ?.Firstly,it expounds the connotation of capital adequacy regulation.Secondly,this paper introduces the regulation and evolution of Basel accord on the regulation of capital adequacy ratio.Which highlights the analysis of the subprime mortgage crisis in the banking capital adequacy ratio of regulatory problems,led to the "Basel agreement ?"under the new requirements of the capital adequacy ratio regulation.Finally,with the major national banking capital adequacy ratio index measurement,analysis of the status of major national banking capital adequacy ratio supervision.This paper come to a decision that high capital adequacy ratio does not necessarily mean high quality of capital,developed countries easier to use regulatory capital arbitrage in order to satisfy the capital adequacy rate index.The third chapter is the analysis of capital adequacy supervision of commercial banks in our country.Firstly,it expounds China's commercial banks' capital adequacy ratio of the new regulatory initiatives.Secondly,in accordance with the general point of view,the state-owned commercial banks and joint-stock commercial banks,analyzing the situation of the capital adequacy ratio with quantitative methods.,which come to a conclusion that China's commercial banks capital adequacy is higher than the regulatory requirements,the overall capital position increase steadily.Then,from the perspective of non-performing loans,this article analysis the challenges that the China's commercial banks' capital quality are facing and uses empirical analysis to discuss capital adequacy for the validity.This paper selects the representative sample of listed banks,through establishing econometric models to analyze the bank's financial data from 2012 to 2015,China's listed commercial banks did not approach capital management operation for the purpose of raising the capital adequacy ratio and with the way of loan losses reserves.Then through the analysis of China's commercial banks in recent years,it shows that the way of capital management of commercial banks in our country is mainly through the issuance of subordinated debt.The issue of subordinated debt has played a great role in improving the capital adequacy ratio of listed banks in China.Finally,this paper points that the existence of regulatory capital arbitrage cannot reduce the overall risk of the case,and it can improve the capital adequacy ratio artificially.In view of this situation,according to the financial data of listed commercial banks in our country,this article uses graph with the core capital adequacy ratio as the horizontal axis,and the total assets in the proportion of equity as the vertical axis to draw the scatter plot.According to the chart,it is concluded that there is the possibility of the commercial bank of our country to improve capital adequacy ratio by regulatory capital arbitrage.The greater the asset size of the bank,the greater the possibility of regulatory capital arbitrage;the smaller the size of the assets of the bank,the greater the impact of external factors volatility.So this paper points out that the capital adequacy ratio of China's listed commercial banks is not the high index of the real effective capital adequacy.The fourth chapter is the main countries improve the capital adequacy regulatory practice and experience for reference,through the introduction of capital adequacy ratio supervision practice and experience of the United States,the European Union and Japan as the representative of the developed countries and India,Brazil as the representative of the emerging economies,to sum up the main national capital adequacy ratio supervision experience for China which can be used for reference.The fifth chapter makes suggestions to promote our country commercial bank capital adequacy regulation and practical.This paper puts forward suggestions from four aspects:establish counter-cyclical mechanism for capital regulation;perfect regulatory differences and competition;build a diversified capital supplement channel;overall supervision of the strengthening of asset securitization to improve our country commercial bank capital adequacy ratio supervision.At the same time,it can also provide decision-making reference for the government departments to make bank supervision policy.The main creative points of this paper are the following two:Firstly,this paper analysis of the capital adequacy ratio situation of main countries and typical commercial bank of our country.Through the main national capital adequacy ratio supervision practice,it can be used for reference to the regulation of capital adequacy ratio in China and put forward relevant policy suggestions,to make up for the defects in the research on the capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks in China.Secondly,this article uses the quantitative analysis and the qualitative analysis unifies the method to carry on the research,causes the research content to be more persuasive.