"He Ruled" And "autonomy.

In the 1940 s, the Chinese society was in the war-torn years. In this era of war, the Nanjing national government adopted a policy of controlled economy; strengthen the monitoring of industrial and commercial industry and market. With the deepening of the government forces, in order to make a living, this period the role of guild in industry governance is quietly changing, which has research value. However, there is very little research about it. The researches of guild mostly pay attention to occurrence and development of the guild in the early time and focus on the study of eastern and central regions of several large guilds. Therefore, this article specially select Sinopharm guild with local characteristics of xi'an in Shaanxi province countries this case for research.1940-19490 in this decade, the function of Industry governance of xi'an Sinopharm guild is changing as the guild of restructurings of three times. Therefore, the article first three chapters which mainly focus transfer the work of gravity after the restructuring is completed to divide the article structure. Time is mainly divided into 1940 to May 1942, in May 1942 to July 1942 and July 1946 to 1949 three stages; Guild organization, has experienced from ChangAn County pharmaceutical trade guild to Xijing Sinopharm trade guild to Xi'an Sinopharm trade guild three times change. First three chapters is in chronological order, and longitudinally describe ten years changes of the work of gravity of xi'an Sinopharm trade guild, and also elaborate xi'an Sinopharm trade guild in turbulent times how to carry out industry management to catch a glimpse the role of trade guild in the industry management at that time. The fourth chapter discusses the relationship between Pharmaceutical guild and the Chamber of Commerce and TCM doctor association and other social organizations, and also analyses social relations for the guild was involved as a whole. We can explore governance situation of the Sinopharm guild horizontally and clarify the survival situation of the Sinopharm guild at that timeDuring the Anti-Japanese War, the Nanjing national government gradually strengthened the control of industrial and commercial sector and enhanced the supervision on guild and market. This period the work centre of the Sinopharm guild included limited government (Sinopharm bargain); forcing Membership and restriction retreat, membership training, recruitment and funding of these four aspects. Therefore, under the supervision of the government, how to maintain the legitimate interests of the industry and ensure the normal operation of the market became the focus of Sinopharm guild. After the Anti-Japanese War, the market of xi'an's Chinese medicine slid into recession. But, the government pressed more than before the war to industrial and commercial sectors. The Chinese medicine industry couldn't bear the weight. In order to seek the industry to survive, Sinopharm guild continuously communicate with the government to negotiate, but have little avail. The guild autonomy greatly weakened. After the war, Xi'an Sinopharm guild almost became the instrument of government to upload issued.In government-led economic environment, the attitude of Xi'an Sinopharm guild to government is compromise even dependent. But that's not the guild's original intention. It is just a way of survival that the guild in the face of government intervention has taken, and does not mean the guild in industry governance is totally ineffective. Under the regime's intervention, maintain normal trade order and safeguard the legitimate interests of industry and living space for the guild are important work of Xi'an Sinopharm guild in this period.