Farmers' Financing Difficulties: Reality Mismatch, Institutional Barriers And Innovation Nodes

"Three tricks,untie the knot,is hard to find" rural issues have always been the research hotspot.Among them,the problem of farmers financing difficulties is the focus of a large number of scholars eyes,however,the financing difficulties of farmers seems to have become the consensus of the academic community and policy makers.Carding academic circles on the financing of farmers,the research results of view,the research direction of the main focus on farmers financing difficult three directions.First,focus on the current situation of farmers financing difficulties,that is,the mismatch between the credit supply of rural banks and other formal financial institutions and the financing needs of farmers,resulting in the financing difficulties of farmers.As we all know,the wave of agricultural modernization sweeps across the world,and the scale,industrialization and intensification of agriculture have become the trend of modern agricultural development.Farmers in modern agricultural production process,funds are in great demand,relying solely on agricultural production has been stretched with its own accumulation,the use of external funds has become an indispensable support continued development of modern agriculture.However,banks and other financial institutions in rural areas in the formal Xichu layout is out of money,the money supply makes the rural financial institutions and farmers financing demand presents the imbalance of the status quo,and a growing trend.In addition,China's rural financial system is outdated,the researchers find that the reform of the rural financial system in rural areas is increasingly unable to keep up with the pace of development and progress,resulting in banks and other formal financial institutions in rural areas to layout,thereby increasing the farmers' financing difficulties;second,focus on the analysis of the causes of rural financing.Combing a large number of academic literature,is that scholars about rural financing key reasons,farmers in the application to the bank lending process,the lack of credit funds of banks and other formal financial institutions on the collateral,required by the guarantor or collateral,the bank is not willing to put money to farmers,causing farmers financing difficulties;third,countermeasures the farmers' financing difficulties.The majority of farmers,due to lack of collateral,the guarantor or collateral,which is difficult to satisfy the long-term financing needs of farmers,which will help scholars gaze on how to expand the scope of collateral and guarantee system construction.The existing academic research results,although the current system of financing difficulties for farmers to solve the problem of a more detailed exposition,but also to solve the problem of financing farmers provide a lot of useful inspiration.However,the above scholars' research on the financing difficulties of farmers has also fallen into many misunderstandings,so it is difficult to recognize the essence of farmers' financing difficulties through the current system.First of all,both the main channel research results as state-owned banks and other financial institutions as a source of farmers' financing or even the only channel,which will look to lock in between,and the banks and farmers,also seriously neglected the "big bank" and "small farmers" the mismatch between the imbalance.Indeed,at this stage,banks and other formal financial institutions Xichu still occupy the main channels of rural credit funds.However,China's state-owned commercial banks holding government at the beginning and the purpose of the service object,service is not for the financing needs of rural farmers,namely rural farmers financing demand of the new bank invested the standards and procedures and modernization in the process of agricultural development,natural production is difficult to match the "The climate does not suit one." phenomenon,showing banks and farmers are hard to pull together the "chaos","circle",and farmers' financing problems become nowadays the most hot research problem of the.Although the people's Bank of China and the government departments continue to introduce new policies,and even issued administrative orders many times,forcing the state-owned commercial banks to do a good job of farmers financing work "bridge"".However,due to the large state-owned banks "and" private "small farmers" the door is improper,the household is not right ",thus the lack of funds for farmers to obtain loans from formal financial institutions problems,is still very difficult;secondly,the academic research results have been recognized,state owned commercial bank loans to farmers in the process of the general lack of bank the required collateral or guarantees,resulting in the layout of the rural bank loans not paid" and the urgent need for liquidity farmers get loans guaixiang.However,what is the real farmers lack collateral or existing laws and regulations make farmers property defects,which cannot effectively exercise the mortgage right;thirdly,the interest rate shock and administrative control of traditional folk lending restrictions,overwhelmed the farmers' financing difficulties at a straw.The government ordered the interest rate control,both for the number of state-owned commercial banks bring large normal profit monopoly profits,but also contributed to the formal financial institutions more willing to implement the arrogance of rent-seeking in the credit process;inaddition,academics and decision-makers have identified the folk high interest lending is caused by farmers' financing hard behind the real push,to the limit and fight,makes the financing difficult for small farmers,in the face of the funding gap,the more stretched and even became a victim of "government against the traditional private lending".In summary,this paper studies the existing research results in the study,combined with their own practice in the state-owned commercial banks in the personal experience and field visits to local farmers to get first-hand research data,firstly analyzed in the "state" and "private","two yuan bank" and "farmers".There are "strong twist 1008" supply and demand imbalance mismatch between bank credit capital supply and financing needs of farmers,so that farmers obtain funds from formal financial institutions in Xichu difficult;secondly,to clarify the existing laws and regulations,because of China's rural property rights system defects,resulting in a general lack of farmers financing collateral required for bank credit in the process of the existing rural property rights and lack of liquidity,the way of circulation and market;thirdly,the interest rate on the administrative control and the traditional private lending.Finally,aiming at the problem of farmers' financing,it is necessary to clarify the boundaries of the government and the market,and at the same time,we need to construct a multi-level financing system for farmers.