An Empirical Study Of The Heterogeneity Of Innovation Efficiency And Influential Factors

Basic research,technological invention,and commercialization are important outputs of national innovation.However,due to the socio-economic characteristics of various countries,the history of science and technology and the characteristics of different resources,there are different output characteristics around countries.Innovation efficiency means the effective use of scientific and technological resources,representing the national competitiveness.The study of the heterogeneity of national innovation efficiency can evaluate the level of national innovation efficiency more comprehensively.Using the DEA,k-means cluster analysis and convergence analysis,this paper evaluates the innovation efficiency of 24 countries during 2005-2013.Furthermore,we use panel-Tobit regression to study the main influence factors of the heterogeneity of innovation efficiency.According to the Global Innovation Index 2016,we selected 24 countries including China,Sweden,the United Kingdom,the United States.We adopt gross domestic expenditure on R&D and full-time equivalent researchers as input indicators,high cited papers,triadic patent families and intellectual property fees as the output indicators.Mainly to study the following questions:(1)How the efficiencies of basic researches,technological inventions and commercialization? What is the difference between different countries?(2)What kind of factors has an influence on basic research efficiency,technological invention efficiency and commercialization efficiency?(3)What inspirations of the heterogeneity of national innovation efficiency can provide to China?The results indicate that:(1)According to the characteristics of basic research efficiency,technological invention efficiency and commercialization efficiency,24 countries can be divided into three categories: basic research countries,inventive countries and comprehensive countries;(2)Although the amount of China's innovation and outputs are very large,the basic research efficiency is slightly higher,technological invention efficiency and commercial efficiency is still backward.So,China still belongs to the basic research nations.(3)Among the influencing factors,the government supports has a significant negative impact on the basic research efficiency among the basic research countries and the technological invention efficiency among the inventive countries,but has a significant positive impact on the comprehensive efficiency among the comprehensive countries.Economic freedom has a significant positive effect on the efficiency on the three kinds of nations.Trade liberalization has a significant positive effect on the comprehensive efficiency among the comprehensive nations.According to the results,this paper puts forward some suggestions.A sound market competition mechanism and the effective use of government funds are important to improve the efficiency of innovation.The development of the national innovation efficiency can go with basic research,technical innovation and commercialization coordinated development,or achieve some priority development of innovation efficiency by appropriate policy guide.China could improve the market competition and make rational use of government funds to improve innovation efficiency and innovation quality.