Research On Embodied Energy Consumption Of China's Foreign Trade Based On Emergy Theory

Since China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001,the level of trade freedom has been further increased,and the volume of import and export trade has risen sharply.However,we cannot ignore the ecological problems that accompany them: more and more product and export demands have caused damages to the ecological balance in the production process.At the same time,export-oriented policies and huge economic profits have also prompted a large number of companies to sacrifice the environmental resources for the price,which caused a lot of unnecessary consumption and wastes of resources.As the traditional method uses monetary as a measurement,which cannot evaluate the problems of balance between economy and ecology,such as economic cost,the converse of ecological benefits,the balance between the outflow and inflow of the ecological resources,the calculation of corresponding actual trade costs is not carried out.In addition,the production process of import and export products does cause certain waste of resources and ecological damages,while the export price of trade does not include the value of these energy sources which implied in it,and the importing party has not paid the repair costs for the degradation of the value of ecosystem services,and the corresponding cost of environmental pollution treatment.These implied costs resulting in the problem that trade incomes are not the real economic benefit.Therefore,the further study of the embodied energy consumption and the ecological benefits and gains in the field of China's foreign trade is a hot issue in effectively formulating policy measures and improving the unsustainable state of the economy and environment at this stage.From the perspective of ecology,this paper uses the energy theory to do the research on the embodied energy consumption of China's import and export,and measures the trade efficiency of China by using energy trade index,as well as does the case analysis of trade exchanges of typical countries.The results show that: China's import and export trade energy have been always in a surplus since 1992 to 2016.The energy exchange rate showed U-type upward trend,and the ratio of import and export energy currencies fell to a steady low level,which indicating that China is taking great attention on the ecological resources.The import and export trade productstructure of China were relatively close in 1992-2016.The resource-intensive products accounted as a dominant position.The Sino-U.S.bilateral trade,the trade between China and India,and the trade between China and Japan are all in good ecological and economic conditions and are changing to a sustainable development mode.Based on the research results of this paper,relevant policy recommendations are proposed at the end part.For the surplus of import and export energy value based on ecological perspective.Reducing the export of high-pollution and low-output products,while increase the export of high-value-added products.Increase the energy and raw materials import volume,improve the utilization of resources and capital,and strengthen the development of energy-saving and consumption-reducing technologies.Promote strategic transformation and upgrading of processing trade.For trade relations with trading partners,this paper suggests making full use of product and regional complementarities,expand the scope of product trade,and achieve bilateral trade mutual benefit development and friendly cooperation.Adjust the trade structure and increase trade ecological benefits.