The Spatial Selection Of Heterogeneous Commercial Firms Based On Wholesale And Retail Firms Of China

Since China's accession to the WTO,commercial firms including wholesale and retail firms have been developing rapidly.As the key channel connecting producers and customers,its value-added accounts for about 20%of the value-added of the tertiary industry(service industry),and it is also the main parts of the total retail sales of consumer goods.Since the space location is extremely important for their development,this paper uses the data of the second economic census of commercial firms in 2008 to analyze the spatial distribution of commercial firms in China,and finds that there are two kinds of distribution of commercial enterprises in different industries:1.In the wholesale of grain,seasoning and textile raw materials,etc and most of retails,high-efficiency and low-efficiency commercial firms tend to enter in the core region,while middle-efficiency firms choose to stay in the peripheral areas,namely "bilateral thick tails";2.In the wholesale of meat,poultry and aquatic products,etc,high-efficiency enterprises tend to enter in the core region,while low-efficiency firms choose to stay in the peripheral areas,namely "monotonous".distribution.Exploring the causes of this phenomenon and understanding the spatial selection mechanism and operating mechanism of heterogeneous commercial enterprises can help understand the key factors affecting the spatial distribution of commercial enterprises and provide policy makers with reference to relevant industry development plans.Based on this,this paper firstly introduced the characteristics of commercial firms into the existing theoretical model of heterogeneous firms,and established a space selection model for heterogeneous firms.Secondly,we solved the long-term and short-term equilibrium of the model,and based on the related theories of spatial selection we analyzed the conclusions of the model and the influence of the different factors on the site selection of the commercial firms.Finally,based on the characteristics of spatial distribution of commercial firms in China,we explained the conclusions of the model.The results of the model in this paper show that in the industry with high product differentiation or low product differentiation but high transportation costs,high-efficiency and low-efficiency commercial firms will be both attracted by the larger market area,and tend to enter in the core region,while middle-efficiency firms choose to stay in the peripheral areas in order to maintain their competitive advantages.But in the industry with low product differentiation and low transport costs,high-efficiency commercial firms can still maintain their advantages in highly competitive core region which they tend to migrate to,while low-efficiency commercial firms are faced with greater competition in both two regions,and are constrained by the transfer cost to stay in the peripheral areas.In the policy guidance for the industrial distribution of commercial firms,factors like types of industries,other firms in the same industry and their location selection behaviors should be taken into consideration.And they should be guided according to their specific conditions to avoid simple and crude implementation of a "one size fits all" policy.