Based On The Isotope Tracer Technique And Molecular Genetic Marker To Investigate Gallinula Chloropus Population Migration And Dispersal Patterns

According to different flying ability and range migration,bird can be divided into resident,migration,full migration and long distance migration.Relative to the resident,migratory birds are more susceptible to the endangered and threatened with extinction.Related studies have shown that the birds on migration and wintering habitat quality profound impact on the reproductive success of the subsequent breeding season.So in this paper,in order to understand the ecology,evolution and conservation of bird,We using stable isotope tracer method and molecular genetic labeling method to study the link between the birds in the breeding ground,the resting place and the winter habitat by selected the Gallinula chloropus as experimental object.In this study,samples were collected from August to March each year.A total of 21 different sampling locations,including Jiangxi Province,Hunan Province,Fujian Province,Anhui Province,Guangxi Province,Gansu Province,Guizhou Province,Hubei Province,Shandong Province,Zhejiang Province.A total of215 samples.The main collection method of samples is collected Gallinula chloropus liver,muscle tissue,blood samples and some feather samples.A total of 218 samples were sex identified by using sex primer P2,P8.The 207of them were identified by sex,there were 119 females and 88 males.We analyzed a part of mtDNA control region of 185 Gallinula chloropuss,there are 26 shared haplotypes,and the other 94 are specific haplotypes.All geographical populations have shared haplotypes with other populations.Among them,H1 was the most widely distributed.Based on D-Loop data,we found that the Gallinula chloropus population occurred population expansion in 0.22 million years ago.In terms of ²H and ¹⁸O,?D_p and?¹⁸O_p showed a downward trend with the increase of latitude.At the same time,the inland area is lower than the coastal area.?D_p ranges between-32.65‰^-90‰.?¹⁸O_p is slightly higher in the southeast coastal area than in the North China region.The?¹⁸O_p large span,the distribution range between-4%^-18%.The abundance of all samples of ²H with an average of-76.19per thousand.The average of hydrogen isotopic content from the same area of the Gallinula chloropus feather is distribute in the range of-83‰^-55‰.The lowest average value is-82.11‰come from Guangxi Dongxing,the highest average value is-58.32‰from Jiangxi Pingxiang,the average concentration distribution in-80‰^-70‰.The mean value of the measured?¹⁸O_f was 11.26.The standard deviation is1.507.The maximum is 15.09,and the distribution is in Shaoyang;the minimum value is 7.85,which is distributed in Nanchang.The ratio of deuterium isotope has obvious fractionation between feather and precipitation,the fractionation coefficient is-44.449‰.?¹⁸O has obvious fractionation in feathers and precipitation,fractionation coefficient is 14.785‰.There was a significant negative correlation between the content of deuterium and the local latitude.?¹⁸O_f is negatively correlated with the corresponding latitude,that is,?¹⁸O_f increases with the decrease of latitude.It's in accrodance with the change trend of?¹⁸O_p with latitude in the growing season.The migration routes and historical gene flow of Gallinula chloropus,Xuzhou,Lianyungang,Bengbu are Gallinula chloropus moult,Lianyungang to moult for concentrated among them.9 species can be divided into seven large populations,which are:Tianshui population?TS?,the north China populations?HB?,Huangmei population?HM?,the central China populations?HZ?,the southwest China populations?XN?,Qiantang population?QT?,Fujian populations?FJ?.In the seven populations,the largest historical population gene flow is the HZ to the XN,the smallest is XN populations to TS populations;The total gene flow between two populations were compared,HZ and FJ are maximum total history gene flow between populations;XN and TS are minimum total history gene flow between populations.Comparison of a single species and other 6 populations total gene flow,HZ to other 6populations have the maximum total gene flow among this 7 populations,HM to other 6 populations have the minimum total gene flow among this 7 populations..The proliferation of gender bias,the entire population of the female population differentiation degree of FST and correlation coefficient?r?is higher than that of males,significant difference(female F_ST=0.045,male F_ST=0.045,P=0.03,female r=0.120,male r=0059,P=0.03).The average Female correct distribution index?mAI?is 0.251,male is 0.037,significant difference?P=0.01?.Two correct allocation of index variance vAI are no significant difference between.Migrant populations in the female population differentiation degree(F_ST)and correlation coefficient?r?is higher than male,but the difference was not significant(female F_ST=0.056,male F_ST=0.056,P=0.170,female r=0.139,male r=0.081,P=0.160).The average female correct distribution index?mAI?is 0.528,male is 0.418,no significant difference.Two correct allocation of index variance vAI are no significant difference between.The resident population of female population differentiation degree(F_ST)and correlation coefficient?r?also is higher than male,same as migrant,but also is not significant difference(female F_ST=0.036,male F_ST=0.036,P=0.080,female r=0.098,male r=0.098,P=0.07).The average Female correct distribution index?mAI?is 0.198,male is 0.306,no significant difference.Two correct allocation of index variance vAI are no significant difference between.