| Echinococcoses are communicable parasitic diseases caused by Echinococcus spp.tapeworms,which has a worldwide distribution currently.Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,one of the most serious endemic areas in the world,its unique ecosystem and food chain have provided a favorable condition for the reproduction and transmission of Echinococcus,and there are three Echinococcus species in the local:E.granulosus,E.multilocularis and E.shiquicus,respectively.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is habitat to a large number of Glires,including Lagomorpha(e.g.,Ochotona curzoniae)and Rodentia(e.g.,Lasiopodomys fuscus&Microtus limnophilus).Previous studies show that these Glires are main intermediate hosts of E.multiloculari and E.shiquicus.At present,there is still a lack of systematic research on the population structure of local Glires,meanwhile,it needs to be assessed to the role of Glires in the transmission of Echinococcoses.Therefore,this study mainly explores the following questions:(1)What are the characteristics of the community structure of Glires in local?(2)What is the epidemic status of echinococcoses on Glires,and are there any differences among different species?In our study,a total of 346 Glires were trapped in four randomly set square plots(50m x 50m)in the territory of Shiqu County in eastern of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from July 2014 to August,which inclucding O.curzoniae(135),L.fuscus(144),M.limnophilus(44),Phaiomys leucurus(16),Neodon Irene(6)and Ciretulus longicaudatus(1).Suspected lesions or liver samples of all Glires were double checked by mitochondrial COI and NDI genes of Echinococcus in molecular technology,the overall prevalence of E.multilocularis was 4.3%-6.7%,and E.shiquicus was 1.5%-4.1%(L.fuscus and M.limnophilus were confirmed also as the hosts of E.shiquicus in my study),and no individual infected by E.granulosus.From the results,there is a significant difference between the prevalence of O.curzoniae,L.fuscus and M.limnophilus,and Rodentia animals have a higher rate than Lagomorpha.Genetic analyses show that COI gene of E.multilocularis has 32 haplotypes in Glires community,and the haplotype HA01(GenBank ID:KY446474)is the most important genotype in local.Meanwhile,we have detected this haplotype from hosts such as humans,dogs,Tibetan foxes,pikas and various voles,so,the transmission of E.multilocularis in human settlement may has a close association with it in wild environment.Based on results of this study,this paper obtained the following conclusions:1.There are a large number of Glires in eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau,at the same time,their have a great variety in the field.O.curzoniae,L.fuscus and M.imnophilus are three dominant species in local.Among them,O.curzoniae have the highest genetic diversity of Cyt-b gene on mitochondria.2.M.limnophilus have the highest prevalence of E.multilocularis and E.shiquicus,and the data are 4.3%-6.7%&6.8%-11.4%;L.fuscus are 7.6%-11.1%&0.7%-1.4%;O.curzoniae are 0-1.5%&0.7%-3.7%.There was a significant difference of Echinococcus spp.prevalences between three Glires species.3.The E.multilocularis mitochondrial COI gene has high genetic diversity,and the dominant haplotype HA01 may be set in long-term purifying selection in this tapeworm. |
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