Behavior Responses Of Wiebesia Pumilae To The Female Phase Fig Voltiles Of Fiucs Pumila L.Var. Pumila And Var. Awketosang

Ficus pumila L.var.pumila and Ficus pumila L.var.awketosang(Makino)Corner are belong to dioecious fig plants.F.pumila var.awketosang is the variant of F.pumila var.pumila.The responses of the pollinating wasps of two kinds of fig trees with similar genetic relationship to the volatiles released by the two kinds of fig trees at female phase has previously been showed to be different,indicating that the two pollinating wasps have asymmetric host specificity while they communicate chemically with their hosts.That is,one pollinating wasps favour the volatile released by the two kinds of host plants at female phase,and the other wasps prefers only the volatile released by its specific host at the same phase.In order to know whether cultivation F.pumila var.awketosang female phase fig volatiles have attractiveness to pollinator wasps of F.pumila var.pumila,observation of phenological and pollinating wasps flying out,and Y-tube olfactometer test were be used in this paper,to discuss(1)the phenological difference between F.pumila var.awketosang and F.pumila var.pumila,(2)the influence of different light condition on the flying out rate of pollinating wasps of F.pumila var.pumila,and(3)the responses of Wiebesia pumilae(Hill)Wiebes to fig volatiles of female phase of F.pum.ila and F.awketosang,the main results as follows:1.Female figs flower of F.pumila var.pumila of Fuzhou aera one times per year at Spring,while male figs flower two times per year at Spring and Autumn.Both female and male figs flower of F.pumila var.awketosang two times per year.A high overlap between the period of female phase and the period of pollinating wasps of F.pumila var.pumila,while as the centralized and shorter of wasps flying out time,and other causes,result in female phase figs of F.pumila var.awketosang appearance widespread droped,seriously influence the its output.As asynchronism flowering,F.pumila var.pumila and F.pumila var.awketosang already produced reproductive isolation.In early November,"escape pollinator" of F.pumila var.pumila were exitsted in the wild,however,F.pumila var.awketosang appearance widespread droped since lack of pollinator in this time.If pollinator of F.pumila var.pumila can be induced into the female phase male figs of F.pumila var.awketosang for oviposition,may be slove the problem of female phase figs droped.2.We found a novel flying out mode of pollinating wasps of F.pumila var.pumila,which male flowers were immature,but pollinating wasps mature and flying out figs without pollen.The natural flying out rate of novel flying out model was only 44.50±2.41%,the rest that sustain pupal state were stayed in the gall.The development process of pollinating wasps of F.pumila var.pumila is holometabolous development,it can be divided four stages:egg,larve,pupal and audlt.Pollinating wasps of F.pumila var.pumila at autumn,egg stage was 2?3 weeks,larve stage was 15?18 weeks,pupal stage was 16?17 weeks,and audlt stage only 1 weeks.Under laboratory conditions,male figs divided four parts,temperature 25 ?,humidity 90%,illumination intensity 500?6001x,was regard as suit for wasps flying out.Female wasps of high light intensity group reach peak of flying out early than low light intensity group 2-3 days.Light intensity had significant influence on female wasps flying out rate,while it had unsignificant influence on finale wasps flying out rate,which may be the reason of female wasps compound eye more sensitive to light,and male wasps compound eye were degraded.3.The size of female phase figs had no significant influence to the behavior responses of Wiebesia pumilae(Hill)Wiebes,Both female/male receptive phase of big and small type figs of F.pumila var.pumila volatiles had a strong attractiveness to its obligate pollinator.Concentration of fig volatile had significant influence to W.pumilae behavior.Both female/male receptive phase fig of F.pumila var.awketosang and F.pumila var.pumila volatiles had threshold response phenomenon to its obligate pollinator,that volatiles concentration not excessed threshold value,as the increase of volatiles concentration,the attraction of pollinator will be increase,however,if volatiles concentration excessed threshold value,the attraction of pollinator will be decline.Pollinating wasps of F.pumila var.awketosang and F pumila var.pumila were existed asymmetric host specificity.The pollinator of F.pumila var.awketosang showed verysignificant preference to both male and female phase fig volatiles of F.pumila var.pumila,while the pollinator of F.pumila var.pumila showed repell to both male and female phase fig volatiles of F pumila var.awketosang.