An Analysis Of Physical Characteristics Of Human Bones Excavated From The Maoer Hill Graves From Qin To Early Han Dynasty In Yuci

Located in the northeast of Yuci old city in Jinzhong,Maoer hill Graves have been used as a public graveyard since the Autumn-Warring states period to the Ming-Qing Dynasties.In the late Warring States period,the typical Zhao culture in this area was gradually replaced by the Qin culture.The material of this research,a total of 43 individuals,is from the Geriatric Nursing Home Cemetery of the Maoer hill Graves during the Qin Dynasty to early stage of Western Han Dynasty.Most of their tombs are in the north-south direction,and a few are in the east-west direction.There are no obvious differences in morphological characteristics between different direction of tombs.Through observations,measurements,and statistical analysis of physical anthropology,this paper studied the physical characteristics of 43 individuals,and analyzed the types of people in the region during the Qin and Han dynasties.At the same time,the multivariate statistical analysis method divides the cranial morphology of the cemetery into three groups: Group 1 is the East Asian Mongoloid,and contains certain factors of North and South Asiatic Mongoloid,belonging to the "Ancient zhongyuan type" of the pre-Qin period;The physical characteristics of the Group 2 belong to the North Asian Mongoloid species,but the high hypsicranial is influenced by East Asian type and belongs to the "Ancient Mongolian Plateau type".The three groups and the Europa race in the Xinjiang region have the "two types of Central Asia".Group 3 have more similarities with the " Pamir-ferran type" of Europoid in Xinjiang.The majority of the Group 1 are closer to the Aboriginal resident skull group of the Sanjin culture and do not show evidence sufficient to prove obvious population replacement.According to the structure of tombs and burial artifacts,the cemetery has not found any factors in different ways of production and cultural systems.However,anthropological evidence shows that there are different ethnic groups and different types of individuals mixed and merged.Combined with the complex social background and the wave of national integration in the late period of the Warring States Period,it can reflect the social scenes of conflict,tolerance and diversity through the interplay of physical characteristics in this region.