The Effect Of Sulfonamides-added Feedstuff On The Growth, Development And Physiology Of Hermetia Illucens

black soldier fly Hermetia illucens was one of the important scavenging insects,and was widely used in decomposing livestock droppings.The excessive use of antibiotics in animals has left a large amount of antibiotics in livestock droppings.Sulfonamides was one of the most widely used antibiotics and had the highest level of exposure in livestock faeces.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Sulfonamides antibiotics on the growth and physiological effects of black soldier fly,in order to provide a scientific basis for the use of insects to transform livestock waste and reduce their antibiotic pollution.The main results are as follows: 1.The effect of sulfa antibiotics on the development of the black soldier flyWhen the concentration of Sulfonamides was 100 and 1000 ?g/kg,the larvae duration,larvae survival rate,prepupae weight,pupal duration,pupate rate,eclosion rate and weight of the pupa were not significantly affected.But when the concentration of Sulfonamides was 10000 ?g/kg,the larval stage was longer,the survival rate was lower,the prepupae and pupae weight were increased,and the rate of pupa was reduced.While the pupal duration and eclosion rate were not significantly affected.The weight of young larvae were significantly affected by sulfonamides,and the higher concentration,the lower weight.As the larval age increased,the effect of sulfonamides on weight gradually decreased,and there was no significant effect been found on the 11 d-old larvae.2.The effect of sulfa antibiotics on the activity of antioxidant enzyme of black soldier fly.When the concentration of Sulfonamides was 100 and 1000 ?g/kg,the total antioxidant capacity of the larvae increased with the increase of age,and there was no significant difference on the 11-d-old larvae compared with contrast.The enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase,catalase and peroxidase of 7-d-old larvae were significantly affected,meanwhile the higher concentration,the stronger inhibition.There was no significant difference when the larvae was 9-d-old and 11-d-old compared with contrast.3.The intestinal pH black soldier fly and the expression characteristics of sulfonamides resistance gene.There is an acid region and an alkaline area in the BSFs intestinal tract,which may be related to intestinal digestion and absorption closely.Different concentrations of sulfonamides did not affect the intestinal whole pH range in all stages of BSFs larvae,but it would make BSFs larvae gut developmental ratardation,meanwhile the higher concentration,the longer delay.When the concentration of Sulfonamides was 100 and 1000 ?g/kg,the expression level of AGRs in the intestines of larvae was not significantly affected.When the concentration of Sulfonamides was 10000 ?g/kg,the expression levels of AGRs were different in different day old of larvae.On the 7-d-old-larvae,the expression of sulI and sulII increased,on the 11-d-old-larvae,the expression of AGRs decreased.In general,black soldier fly larvae can endure a certain concentration of Sulfonamides antibiotics,and the older larvae,the more tolerance,antioxidant enzymes and Sulfonamides resistance genes in black soldier fly play a role to response antibiotic stress.