Research On The Evolution Of Prehistoric Settlements In The Valley Of The Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Based On GIS

The northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau is one of the most concentrated areas of human activity in the past.At the same time,the plateau is also the most sensitive and fragile region of global environmental change and is a typical and key region of natural ecosystems.The strong and lasting interaction between man and land is an important area for studying the relationship between man and land in the past.This paper uses data from prehistoric archeological sites(including the Majiayao culture of the Neolithic Age,Qijia,the Cayo and Xindian cultures in the Bronze Age.),regional high-precision remote sensing,DEM,vegetation,and other basic geographic data.Based on geographic information system(GIS)and remote sensing(RS)analysis perspectives,analysis methods such as integrated resource domain and site-based domain are used.This paper analyzes the prehistoric settlement patterns,characteristics and evolution of the valleys in the northeastern valley and combines the evolution of the environment and archeological data to analyze the intrinsic and close relationships between settlement evolution and climate and human social development.First of all,the settlement pattern of the valley in the northeast of the Tibetan plateau is the front-rear part of river settlement model.The front part of river is dominated by planting,and the furrows are a combination of agricultural-wood and prey production.Moreover,the formation of material exchanges and trades between front and rear part of river has already witnessed industrial division of labor and cooperation.Secondly,from the perspective of settlement patterns,the number of settlements from Majiayao has increased rapidly from morning to night and the settlement level has evolved from a single uniformity to a binary center.After 4kaBP,the number and level of settlements showed a degenerative trend.This is closely related to climate change before and after 4kaBP.The favourable climatic conditions before the 4kaBP Holocene warming period drove the development of settlements.However,after 4kaBP,the overall climate became dry and cold,and the settlement thus declined and even regressed.Therefore,changes in the environment and the development and progress of human society are the main reasons for the prehistoric settlement.The changes in settlements also evoked all aspects of the crowd's cultural exchanges,living systems,and material exchanges.