Study On Mating System Of Rattus Losea Populations In Zhoushan Archipelago

The marriage system is often an important part of the genetic structure.Recently,with the development of environmental ecology,the marriage system has provided ideas for the protection of endangered species and the killing of harmful animals.Research on the marriage system has a practical application value and favored by ecological scientists.The research on the marriage system has been going through a long period of development,from the initial captive experiment to the later semi-artificial breeding and now molecular technique-microsatellite molecular technology.In particular,the research on national endangered species breeding strategies reported that many countries have the most extensive and extensive research on the protection of animals,with the combination of research and practical application,and have drawn wide attention.Rattus losea,also known as ulosea,belongs to Rodentia,Muridae and Rattus,and is a rice crop pest in South China and Southeast Asia.Most are limited to macroscopic research,on the one hand due to the restrictions of geographical distribution,on the other hand,the marriage system can not be used in the actual anti-rodent;but later scholars have suggested that we can reverse the system by studying its marriage to reverse its breeding,so as to achieve the effect of rodent control,and even some scholars have proposed the concept of sterility control agents.In this study,from the perspective of genetics,using 8 pairs of microsatellite primers with high polymorphism and stability of R.losea,we studied the paretnity relationship among 3 islands,incluing Cishan,Xiaozhairuo Mountain,Dazhairuo Mountain,in Zhoushan Archipelago,and provided the direct genetic evidence for the mating system of R.Losea population.And furthermore,we explored the important role of post-mating sperm competition in biological evolution.The main results and conclusions are as follows:1.Sample collection of R.losea:A total of 248 adult rodents,including 74 non-pregnant females and 146 adult males,28 pregnant rats and 152 embryos were collected.The number of embryonic fetal is 3 and 7.2.Polymorphism of microsatellite primers:8 pairs of primers were amplified from 248 adult mice,and 101 alleles were obtained.The average number of alleles(NA)was 13 and the average observed heterozygosity(HO)was 0.961(0.799?1.000),the average expected heterozygosity(He)was 0.850(0.772?0.890),the average polymorphic information content(PIC)was 0.83,which was a highly polymorphic primer that could be used for population genetics of rodent related research.3.Multiple paternity research:28 pregnant rats embryos were analyzed alleles and found that some pregnant mice embryos allele number greater than 2,indicating that there may be the same embryo from a different pregnant R.losea embryos,The maximum possible male parent(Fmax)and the minimum probable female parent(Fmin)were confirmed with the software COLONY and GERUD.Fmin ranged from 1 to 3 with an average of 2(>1)and Fmax ranged from 2 to 5,According to Mendel's genetic rule,the average number of alleles was 3(>2).Based on Mendel's genetic rule,the number of paternal alleles was estimated.Among 28 pregnant rats,17 pregnant rats had multiple paternal rights,accounting for 60.71%of the total.This means that female rodents can mate with different males within the same estrus and produce offspring from different males at the same time.4.Paternity test:For the embryo that does exist with multiple paternity,we will find its male parent from males with paternity test.At 95%confidence,out of 99 embryos that had multiple paternal pregnant mothers,21 embryos found candidate males in 146 adult males.5.Promiscuity to determine:In 248 adult rodents,we identified a parent-mother-child 24 pairs,mother-son 30 pairs,father-son 41 pairs with Cervus 3.0,based on the analysis,we thought that R.Losea is promiscuity,and both male and female can mate with multiple females in the same estrus or different estrus,and a female R.losea can mate with multiple males at the same time.In this study,the molecular genetic perspective revealed that the natural population of the female R.losea mated with multiple males and males also mated with multiple females,and confirmed that the marriage system of R.Losea population was the promiscuity in zhoushan Archipelago.