Development Of Ultrasonic Snow Depth Measurement System

The amount of snowfall has a significant impact on the allocation of water resources,industrial and agricultural production,transportation,weather monitoring,etc.It is an important observational data in meteorological exploration.At present,China's meteorological departments mainly focus on artificial observation of snow depth,and they have many shortcomings such as poor timeliness and insufficient space-time density.Therefore,it is not possible to comprehensively and continuously reflect the snow change process.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a measurement that can automatically observe snow depth changes.system.At the present stage,ultrasonic snow depth measuring instruments for foreign markets have begun to be commercialized,and their products are at the leading level in terms of measurement accuracy and measurement range,and the market share is very high.The domestic research on ultrasonic snow depth measurement technology started late.Only some manufacturers produce molded products,but there is still a big gap compared with similar foreign products.Therefore,independent innovation is urgently needed to increase market competitiveness and market share.It is worth noting that the research on snow depth measurement by domestic and foreign research institutes and scholars is mostly based on the traditional time difference method.It improves the measurement accuracy by improving the hardware circuit.With the spatial interference,the environment becomes increasingly complex.In particular,when there is a large amount of Alpha-stable distribution noise in the air,the accuracy of the snow depth measurement is seriously degraded.Therefore,how to effectively suppress a large amount of noise in the measurement environment to improve the measurement accuracy is a key research issue in snow depth measurement.In response to the above problems,commissioned by the School-Enterprise Cooperation Project of the Changchun Institute of Meteorology,the snow depth measurement technology was researched and related technologies were applied to product development.In this paper,based on Alpha stable noise distribution,a wide-range,high-accuracy snow depth measurement system based on ultrasonic method is developed,which solves the problems of small measurement range,low precision,anti-noise,and interference capability in existing snow depth measurement systems.Poor issues.Firstly,a kind of phase-reversed ultrasonic echo signal model is designed,a Gaussian model of ultrasonic echo signal is constructed to simulate the impulse response signal of ultrasonic sensor,and it is used to study the time delay estimation algorithm;Snow depth measurement methods are a snow depth measurement method based on a fractional low-order cyclic correlation delay estimation algorithm,a snow depth measurement method based on a normalized cross-correlation delay estimation algorithm,and a snow depth based on a phase-sensitive detection delay measurement algorithm.The measurement methods were analyzed theoretically,deduced and simulated experimentally to verify the feasibility and related performance of the algorithm.Finally,a snow depth measurement system was built to verify the three snow depth measurement methods proposed in this paper,including: The design of the hardware circuit,the preparation of the software program and a series of measured experiments for the system,the test results of the product prototype examined the accuracy and stability of the system,confirming that the ultrasonic snow depth measurement system based on these three snow depth measurement methods meets The design requirements proposed in this paper,the main technical indicators have reached the level of advanced domestic similar products.The ultrasonic snow depth measurement system designed in this paper takes into account the influence of the ambient temperature on the measurement,further improves the accuracy of the system,provides the public with valuable meteorological information,and has broad application prospects.