Time Budgets Of Corvidae Birds During Breeding Season In Tiantong National Forest Park,Zhejiang Province

Behavioral rhythm is a survival strategy for environmental changes.It is often the result of the combination of the optimal foraging strategy,community activity,competitive pressure and environmental pressure.In different time,the activity intensity and changing rule of animals are related to animal metabolism and energy.By studying the behavior rhythm of birds in breeding season,the study can understand the behavior strategies of Corvidae birds on environmental changes and interspecific relationships.From September 2016 to July 2017,surveying in Tiantong National Forest Park and the surrounding area in Zhejiang..Using Red-billed Blue Magpie(Urocissa erythroryncha),Grey Treepie(Dendrocitta formosae),Eurasian Jay(Garrulus glandarius)and Eurasian Magpie(Pica pica)as the research object,the collection data is carried out by the instantaneous scanning sampling method.The time budgets and the activity rhythm of Corvidae birds are divided.Analysis.In this paper,a single factor analysis of variance(One way ANVOVA)was used to analyze different stages of crow birds,and the time niche and spatial niche of crow birds were analyzed by calculating niche breadth and niche overlap.The results of this study are as follows:(1)According to the observation of the behavior characteristics of the breeding period of the Corvidae birds,the breeding period can be divided into preparation period,courtship period,nesting period,hatching period,young period and flying period.The main behavior of Corvidae birds is vigilance,plume,foraging,resting,flying,walking,and singing,which account for a significant difference in all stages of the reproduction period(P<0.05).Among them,the proportion of vigilance and foraging behavior reached the highest value in incubation period and childbearing period.On the contrary,the proportion of resting behavior reached the lowest in hatching and nurturing period.The proportion of plume behavior was higher in the courtship and nest period.The proportion of flight behavior was lower in the courtship period,hatching period and childbearing period,and the proportion of walking behavior was in the preparation period and nest period.A higher proportion in the higher,tweet courtship and nesting period,in the incubation period and the breeding season is relatively low.This time budgets reflects the energy demand and energy distribution of Corvidae birds during different periods of reproduction.(2)The activity range of Tiantong Corvidae birds is divided into five habitat types: broad-leaved forest,shrub forest,bamboo forest and surrounding grassland,coniferous forest and farmland.The results show that in the breeding period,the birds have different time budgets in different habitats,they have the highest foraging behavior in the shrub forest,the highest in the broad-leaved forest and in the bamboo forest and the surrounding grassland,and the time distribution of different Corvidae birds in the same habitat is different,they all have their own " The difference of comfort zone is mainly determined by the food resources and concealment of the habitat.(3)Calculating the time budgets breadth and overlap index of Corvidae birds,the results show that the width of the ecological niche of the birds at different stages of reproduction is similar,the niche breadth of their preparation period is the largest(about 0.6000),and the niche breadth of the nest period is the smallest(about 0.2971).The time budgets overlap index of different Corvidae birds in the breeding period is different,but the time budgets overlap of Eurasian Magpie and other three species of Corvidae birds at each stage is the smallest,and the time budgets overlap between the other three species of Corvidae birds is larger.This shows that the competition between the Eurasian Magpie and the other three species of birds is less competitive in time resources,and the other three species of crow are more competitive with time resources.This phenomenon depends on the entry of four species of Corvidae birds to the reproductive period.Eurasian Magpie are the first to enter the reproductive period,while the other three species of Corvidae birds have the same time to enter the reproductive period.(4)Calculating the spatial niche breadth and overlap index of the Corvidae birds,the results show that the spatial niche breadth of the Corvidae birds varies greatly in different periods,and the spatial niche breadth of Red billed Blue magpie is larger in each stage of reproduction and the spatial niche breadth of Grey Treepie is small.There are different spatial niche overlap indices in different stages of breeding season,and there are great differences in spatial resources competition at different stages.The spatial niche overlap index of red billed Red-billed Blue Magpie and Grey Treepie is the largest in the nesting period,which is 0.9813.The spatial niche overlap index of Grey Treepie and Eurasian Magpie is the smallest,which is 0.0090.These differences are closely related to nest selection and food resources in Corvidae birds breeding season.(5)During the breeding season,the time distribution of Corvidae birds in Tiantong area reflects their utilization rate of time resources,space resources and food resources.From the point of view of time resources,the time of their breeding period is similar,so the competition between them is more intense;from the angle of space resources,they are different in different stages of reproduction and less competitive in space;from the point of view of food resources,their food is similar,but the different stages of the breeding period are different.Their foraging range and foraging behavior frequency are different,so the competition is relatively small.