The Morphological Study On All Stages Of Tipula (Yamatotipula) Latemarginata Alexander With A Contrastive Analysis Of Different Populations From Eastern Jilin And Liaoning Provinces

Tipula(Yamatotipula)latemarginata Alexander,1921 belongs to Diptera,Nematocera,Tipuloidea which is also known as crane flies.Some research on this species,including the morphology of both adults and immatures,indoor raising biology,natural habitats and comparisons of different populations from Liaoning and Jilin provinces,have been done in this paper.The results are as following:External morphology of T.latemarginata: male adult body length 12-13 mm,forewing length 12-14 mm.Head capsule with black setae,antenna with each flagellomere dilated at base and surrounding with four black whorl setae;palpus dark brown,long and curly,with black hairs.Thorax gray brown,with pale white pollen on surface.Pronotum gray brown;four dark vertical stripes on mesothorax prescutum,the middle two longer,others shorter and wider.Wing light brown,transparent,cell c,sc and pterostigma dark brown,cell dm quadrilateral.Halter from yellow brown at base to black brown at tip.Eggs: length 0.6-0.7 mm,width 0.1-0.2 mm,long oval,equal wide on each side,egg shell metallic luster.Larvae with four instars,light yellow or light gray,slumber body,spiracule round,with three pairs of spiracular lobes,lateral and ventral pairs with bristles.Pupae: length 15.0-20.0 mm,width 2.5-3.2 mm.The body is brownish yellow or dark brown,with slender antennae,short respiratory Angle of the front dorsal plate,and six sharp spines of the male caudate dorsal plate.Observing in field: the adults are observed mostly on May and June,some can be found on September,rarely found on October.The species may overwinter in the form of eggs in the weeds and drainage ditch around the rice field.Adults like habitats around streams and water ditch,the collecting area always near to the stream or other forms of water body,and deciduous trees around there.The observing of indoor raising biology of T.latemarginata: lives of adults are 5-7 days;females would like laying eggs on filter paper,rather than in the water,and the eggs are always laid dispersedly;the max quantity of eggs laid by one female can reach 219.The egg stage is 3-8 days,the first instar larvae eat fast and grow fast,this instar lasts about 6-8 days;the second instar lasts about 5-8 days;the third instar lasts about 10-15 days;the fourth instar lasts much more longer,about 1 month.Larval caner flies like boring into the cotton or gathering on the back side of decayed oak leaves,and pupate on there.Larvae will more active in the rotted environment.The comparisons of the populations of T.latemarginata in eastern Liaoning and Jilin provinces: the Base bias,P distance,codon,and the amino acids and phylogenetic differences corresponding are analyzed with samples from five spots of Liaoning and Jilin provinces.The intraspecific differences are shown in the results: the samples collected from Bingyugou,Dalian are significantly different from the others,the samples collected from the Fengling and Toudao of Changbai Mountain,Jilin province,and from Benxi,Liaoning province are shown with closer relationships.