| Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen is an important Chinese herbal medicine variety in Yunnan Province,and the planting area of Yunnan Province is more than 98% of the whole country.In this study,a plot experiment was conducted to cover Panax notoginseng seed and sprout with plastic film and organic covering material.To explore the effect of covering on the growth of the Panax notoginseng,the soil nutrient content,the number of soil bacteria and fungi,and the community structure.The main results are as follows:The seedling emergence rate of pine needle and plastic film mulching was 87.78% and86.81% respectively,which were 95.07% and 92.91% higher than that of the control.The survival rate of transplanting seeds covered with pine needle and perilla was the highest,90.4% and86.93%,respectively,which were 54.08% and 48.17% higher than the control,respectively.The leaf length and leaf width of Panax notoginseng under mulching were significantly higher than those of without mulching.There was no significant difference in the number of leaves.The plastic mulching has the best effect on moisture retention.Artemisia,Rumex madaio,stramonium,marigold,uncovered soil moisture retention ability is weak.The change of surface temperature of covered soil is smaller than that of non-covered soil.From May to October 2018,soil pH,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium showed an increasing trend.Available potassium tends to decrease.There was a strong positive correlation between total nitrogen content and hydrolytic nitrogen,pH was positively correlated with organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium.pH was negative correlation with total nitrogen and hydrolytic nitrogen.There was a difference in the content of the Panax notoginseng saponins in different mulching treatments.The content of Panax notoginseng saponins treated with pine needle was the highest,which was 9.3g/100 g,21%higher than that of the control.The lowest was mulched with marigold,5.88g/100 g,24.48% lower than that of the control.There were significant differences in community structure and community diversity of soil bacteria.By sequencing the 16 s rDNA of bacteria,27 phylum and 64 classes and 131 orders and263 families and 444 genus were obtained.Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria,and Bacteroidetes are the main dominant phylum.Acidibacter,Gennmtimonas,Flavobacterium are the maindominant genus.The bacterial richness and diversity of marigold,buckwheat and pine needles were higher than those of the control,while those of the Artemisia ann-ua L.group were lower than those of the control.There were differences in community structure and diversity of soil fungi.12 phylums,40 classes,115 orders,246 families,510 genera were obtained by sequencing the ITS region of fungi.Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota was the main dominant phylum.Conocybe,Fusarium,Mortierella and Trichoderma is the main dominant genus.The richness and diversity of fungal community in mulching treatment were lower than that in non-mulching treatment.The results showed that organic mulching could significantly improve soil moisture,temperature and seedling growth of Panax notoginseng.At the same time,mulch cultivation improved soil chemical properties and soil microbial characteristics,especially pine needle mulching effect was the most obvious.Therefore,pine needle mulching has remarkable effect on raising the production level of Panax notoginseng,and it can be widely used in agricultural production. |
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