| Aging is a comprehensive manifestation of physiological function and metabolic disorders.This is an irreversible process,mainly due to internal and external factors.According to the results of the 2015 census,it is estimated that after 10 years,the population over 60 years old will reach 300 million and enter the aging country.Polysaccharides are potential anti-aging drugs due to their natural and non-toxic effects,affecting the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the formation of harmful substances,and down-regulating aging-related genes to achieve anti-aging effects.The molecular weight of burdock inulin ranges from 2000 to 5000 Da.It is a fructan linked by ?(2?1)glycosidic bonds,and the end is linked by glucose a(1?2)glycosidic bonds,which can improve immunity and anti-tumor.active.But it is unclear whether the sugar has a role in delaying aging.Therefore,this study established an aging model at the cellular and animal levels to study the effects of burdock inducing aging on indicators;and to study the behavior of burdock in the digestive tract and to explore its effects on intestinal microbes.UVB induced cell photoaging model was established to study the effect of BFO on UVB irradiation HaCaT cells.The results showed that BFO can protect HaCaT cells by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factor genes,Bax and MMP-9 genes and proteins,and up-regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2.The above results indicate that burdock inulin resists adverse external environment and protects HaCaT cells.A mouse model of aging induced by D-galactose was established to study the effect of BFO on aging related indicators.In behavioral behavior,compared with the normal group,the model group has dry coat,reduced activity,hypnosis,gradual hair loss,and finally hair loss,and stool is relatively thin;compared with the model group,after treatment with BFO,the mental state is active and hyperactive.The coat color is shiny,and the stool is normally yellow granules.In addition,the aging mouse showed a significant increase in the immune index and brain index,an increase in the liver brain antioxidant enzymes,and a decrease in malondialdehyde.HE staining showed that the central vein of the hepatic lobules was round after treatment of BFO compared with the model group.The structure was intact,neatly arranged,the degree of hepatocyte loosening was small,and the basophilic substance disappeared.The number of neurons in the hippocampus was clearly visible and aligned.In the molecular mechanism of burdock inulin,the expression levels of senescence genes p16 and p21 in liver and brain of mice were down-regulated to achieve anti-aging effects.Intestinal microflora changes in D-gal-induced aging mice were detected by 16SrDNA amplicon sequencing.The results showed that the microbial diversity of intestinal tract decreased in the aging model group,the abundance of Firmicutes increased,the abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased,and the ratio of F/B increased.At the level of the family,Lachnospiraceae increased excessively,and the abundance of Muribaculacea,Lactobacillaceae,and Prevotellaceae decreased sharply.After oral administration of BFO,the abundance of Firmicutes decreased,the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased,and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes decreased.Intestinal microbial diversity increased.At the scientific level,it is rich in Lactobacillacea,Muribaculaceae,Rikenellaceae,Prevotellaceae,Akkermansiaceae,Ruminococcaceae;Lachnospiraceae.After the effect of artificial gastric juice on BFO in vitro,by measuring the content of reducing sugar and the peak time of the liquid phase of the sugar,it was found that the range of reducing sugar and peak time of burdock inulin was small before and after digestion.Therefore,it can be proved that BFO resists the gastric juice environment and enters the intestinal tract.In vitro simulation of intestinal microbes-Bacillus subtilis with BFO as the sole carbon source to study the structure and activity of polysaccharides in metabolites.Through isolation,identification,and biological activity assay,it was found that its BP polysaccharide significantly inhibited the proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells and induced the production of ROS.Further studies found that BP can enhance the activity of Caspase-9 gene and enzyme,up-regulate the expression of Capsase-3 mRNA and protein,and promote the apoptosis of A549 cells.Therefore,based on the above results,we speculate that burdock inulin enters the intestine,which indirectly promotes the synthesis of other beneficial products of intestinal microbial bacteria to regulate the body condition. |
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