Effects Of Three BPA Analogues On Hemoglobin And Red Blood Cells

Bisphenol A(BPA)is the essential raw material in the industrial production.But some countries are limitig the use of BPA because of its health risks.To meet the challenge of finding a suitable alteirnative requires safety assessments of the common analogues of BPA.Therefore.safety assessment of BPA analogues such as bisphenol S(BPS),bisphenol F(BPF),and bisplhenol B(BPB)is requiredIn this paper.the mechanism of these bisphenls' toxicity was investigated by determining diverse effects of them on catalase(CAT)and bovine hemoglobin(BHb).The effects at the molecular level were determined by molecular docking and multi-spectrum methods.By comparing the effects on CAT and BHb spectroscopically,the least toxic possibility is using BPB.To further enhance our understanding of BPB,the impact of BPB on antioxidant defense system.structure(hemolysis rate)and function(ATPase activity)of red blood cell(RBCs)were analyzed at the cellular levelThe results of effects on CAT demonstrate that the binding sites of BPF and BPS on CAT are near the active sites while the BPB-CAT binding site is distinct from the active sites.The electron conjugation occurs between the benzene ring of BPS and the hetero-amyl ring of His 74 and inhibites the activity of catalase.These may be the main reasons BPB have least effect on CAT.Besides.the research indicates that BPF,BPS and BPB(below 5 ?M)have fewer impactsThe results of effects on BHb demonstrate that hydrogen(H)bonding and hydrophobic forces play major roles in the interaction.Both BPF and BPS decreased the amount of alpha-helix.leading to the loosening of protein skeleton while BPB made little chance.In the loose structure.BPF exposed the internal amino acids to a hydrophobic environment and BPS(above 10 ?M)obviously quenched characteristic fluorescence.BPB may be a substitute for BPA.Moreover,the concentration of bisphenol analogues should be controlled below 10?MThe results of effects on RBCs demonstrate that BPB had little influence on structure,function and antioxidant defense system.BPB had hardly effect on hemolysis ratio and structure.Low concentrations(below 0.1 ?M)of BPB slightly increased the activity of T-AOC,GST and T-SOD while high concentrations decreased the activity of T-AOC.T-SOD.GST and GSH-Px.It also has been shown that BPB had little effect on MDA and CAT activity with reduced activity of AIPase.Iin a word.high concentrations of BPB caused oxidative stress and affected the normal functions of RBCs.The concentration of BPB should be controlled within I ?M.In conclusion,it is necessary to control the concentration of three BPA analogues below I ?M in application.Besides,BPB had less ef fect on the CAT.BHb and RBCs.This study provided important basis for safe use of these three BPA analogues and presented reference and data for finding BPA alternatives.