Protocol Design And Model Analysis Of Quantum Sealed-bid Auction

Quantum Secure Multi-party Computation is an important branch of quantum cryptography.At present,there are many practical application scenarios,and its security is guaranteed by some principles of quantum mechanics.Electronic auction is a hot branch of secure multi-party computation and it is also one of the most important electronic commerce applications.The auction is divided into two types:Public Auction and Sealed-bid Auction.Because the communication time required of Sealed-bid Auction is less than Public Auction,it is often used in the actual auction environment.During Quantum Sealed-bid Auction,after all bidders secretly send their bids to the auctioneer,the auctioneer can open the bids and compare them to select the winner.In the process,there may be an eavesdropper who wants to steal the bids of the legitimate bidders,and he will destroy the fairness and honesty of the auction.And dishonest participants can disrupt the normal operation of the auction.The security problems mentioned above make the practical feasibility of the auction difficult.Therefore,designing a secure,economical and feasible Quantum Sealed-bid Auction scheme has very important practical significance.This thesis focuses on the feasibility and the security of Quantum Sealed-bid Auction.The main contents are as follows:(1)In the field of Quantum Sealed-bid Auction,the quantum resources used in most schemes are entangled states,and only a small number of schemes use single photons.However,the post-confirmation mechanism of these schemes based on single photon also uses entangled states to ensure the security of the auction.In actually,it is difficult to prepare entangled states and maintain them for a long time,and the communication efficiency of schemes with entangled states is not high.In order to achieve the realization and efficiency of the scheme,the Quantum Sealed-bid Auction scheme based on dual-mode single photon is proposed.The scheme uses single photon with two-dimensional degrees of freedom(polarization mode degrees of freedom and spatial mode degrees of freedom)as information carriers,where each single photon can carry two-bit classic information.In addition,in order to ensure the fairness and security of the auction,the original post-confirmation mechanism is also improved,where the quantum resources are single photons with single-mode in improved scheme.Compared with the previously mentioned Quantum Sealed-bid Auction schemes,this scheme only needs to perform single-photon projection measurement which is easy to implement with the existing technology.Furthermore,the capacity of the classical information carried is doubled,so the communication efficiency is correspondingly improved.In addition,it has higher practical feasibility.(2)Conducted a security analysis on the existing Quantum Sealed-bid Auction model and also found some security vulnerabilities.The model without post-confirmation mechanism only considers the privacy transmission of the bids,and does not consider the honesty of the auctioneer.Although the auction model with post-confirmation mechanism solves the problems of the auctioneer's honesty,it still has the misjudgment.That is to say,a malicious bidder may send two different bids to the auctioneer and other bidders.In order to solve the security vulnerabilities of existing models,an improved auction model is proposed and a specific auction scheme is presented.The model completes the privacy transmission of the bids by using verifiable Quantum Secret Sharing and Quantum Secure Direct Communication.Furthermore,the verifiable Quantum Secret Sharing can ensure the fairness and the security of the auction.At the same time,the proposed specific auction scheme does not need to prepare any entangled resources,and has lower complexity and higher communication efficiency.