Synergistic Toxicity Caused By Pesticide Residue Chlorpyrifos And Heavy Metal Cadmium

Due to its massive application,CPF has widely contaminated diverse environment,fruits and vegetables as well.Many studies have suggested that CPF could incur adverse effects on human health including neurotoxicity,hepatoxicity and endocrine disruption.Cadmium(Cd)is one of the most obvious environmental pollutants as a result of considerable usage.Expose of Cd could cause many lesions in various organs such as liver,kidney and lung.In fact,CPF and Cd ions are often the co-existence in the same environmental media and food chains.In the current study,we evaluated the joint hepatoxicity of CPF and Cd ions using a few in vitro assessments in a representative human hepatocyte cell line HepG2.The study demonstrated that cell viability was greatly undermined by 21%upon the concomitant exposure of CPF and Cd2+mixed at 10 ?M/mL,compared to the vehicle control or the individual treatment with CPF or Cd2+ as characterized by the Alamar Blue assay.Similarly in the BrdU incorporation assay,the concomitant exposure of CPF and Cd2+ greatly inhibited cell proliferation by 23%relative to the vehicle control or the individual treatment with CPF or Cd2+These results revealed a significant synergistic cytotoxicity of CPF and Cd2+ on HepG2 cells,which was distinct from individual chemicals.In addition,we found that the concomitant exposure of the CPF and Cd2+ induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through a mitochondriadependent pathway.This study creatively focuses on the effects of the concomitant exposure of CPF and Cd2+ on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes.The study showed that CPF-Cd complex significantly enforced hepatic lipogenesis:elevating the concentrations of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1(SREBP-1)and fatty acid synthase(FASN).The combined data would surely pave the way for future studies in recognizing synergistic biological effects between pollutants.